183 research outputs found
An integrated look at the effect of structure on nutrient bioavailability in plant foods
No full textThe true bioavailability of a nutrient being intrinsically coupled to the specific food matrix in which it occurs remains poorly considered in nutrition science. During digestion, the food matrix and, in particular, the structure of food modulate the extent and kinetics to which nutrients and bioactive compounds make themselves available for absorption. In this perspective, we describe an integrated look at the effect of structure on nutrient bioavailability in plant foods. Based on this integrated look, cell wall integrity and the particle size of the plant material during its transit in the small intestine determine the bioavailability of plant nutrients; in turn, cell wall integrity and particle size are determined by the level of oral processing and, accordingly, what subsequently escapes digestion in the upper intestine and is utilized by colon microbiota. Ultimately, the effect on nutrient digestion is linked to food structure through each step of digestion. A consideration of the structure rather than just the composition of foods opens up possibilities for the design of healthier foods.</p
Colonic fermentation of enzymatically treated cocoa bean shells (CBSs) and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production
No full textPrebiotic effect of enzymatic treated cocoa bean shells (CBS): a static in-vitro digestion
No full textA comprehensive investigation of the behaviour of phenolic compounds in legumes during domestic cooking and in vitro digestion
No full textLegumes represent staple foods rich in phenolic compounds, which are often consumed after soaking and boiling. This study determines the fate of phenolic compounds from six legumes varieties belonging to the species Lens culinaris Medik., Phaseolus vulgaris L. and Cicer arietinum L. after soaking, boiling and digestion. To this purpose, a new HPLC-DAD method was developed and validated. Results show that the cooking process strongly reduces the content in free and bound phenolic compounds and that the processing water is a valuable source of phenolics. Bioaccessibility of phenolics from the legume matrix was investigated separately in the coat and the cotyledons of three chosen varieties (black beans, black lentils and pinto beans) by means of a standardized in vitro digestion protocol. Results showed that only a fraction of the phenolic compounds is bioaccessible, which may have implications for human health.</p
Edoardo Gellner: un architetto nel paesaggio
No full textIl saggio affronta criticamente i temi e l'opera progettuale di Edoardo Gellner, architetto attivo nella seconda metà del XX secolo nell'area alpina dolomitica. la sua opera si caratterizza per una significativa attenzione per il contesto che si traduce in una interpretazione dei caratteri del paesaggio e degli insediamenti alpini senza mai cadere nel mimetismo e nel vernacolar
Acrylamide and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF): A review on metabolism, toxicity, occurrence in food and mitigation strategies.
No full textNeo-formed contaminants (NFCs) are compounds forming during heating or preservation processes and exhibiting possible harmful effects to humans. Among the several NFCs described in literature, Acrylamide and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) have attracted the attention of the scientific community in recent years. Both acrylamide and HMF are considered as probably or potentially carcinogenic to humans or might be metabolized by humans to potentially carcinogenic compounds. Acrylamide and HMF are mainly formed through Maillard Reaction and can be regarded as the most important heat-induced contaminants occurring in bread and bakery products. Acrylamide is carcinogen in rodent and some recent epidemiological studies have highlighted the association between dietary acrylamide and an increased risk of some types of cancer. HMF has been recently shown to be converted in vivo to 5-sulfoxymethylfurfural (SMF) which is a genotoxic compound. Dietary intake of HMF is in the order of mg/kg far above that of other food toxicants. In this paper, the latest available data on acrylamide and HMF have been reviewed focusing on available mitigation strategies, metabolism, dietary exposure, and toxicity. The results from the epidemiological studies about acrylamide and cancer risk and their relevance have been discussed, the major gaps of knowledge have been identified and the perspective of ongoing and future research was established
Fragility functions for reinforced concrete framed buildings subjected to earthquake-induced landslide hazard
No full textPost-earthquake reconnaissance missions have demonstrated that secondary events of earthquakes frequently cause even more losses than ground shaking. In the case of earthquake-induced landslides, fragility models have been recently proposed for two-dimensional reinforced concrete (RC) framed systems subjected to slow-moving earth slides, considering buildings standing close to the slope’s crest. In this paper, novel fragility models for three-dimensional RC framed buildings subjected to seismically triggered landslides are presented. Two-storey buildings were assumed to be located downstream of the slope and threatened by flow-type landslide hazard. Fragility analysis was carried out by assuming probability distributions for a number of random variables (RVs) and generating one thousand realizations of both the landslide load and building structure, according to Monte Carlo simulation method. Uncertainties in landslide load included the width and impact angle with respect to the building façade. Uncertainties in geometry, material properties and capacity models of the structure were taken into account. For each simulation realization, the structural system was analysed in OpenSees under seismic loading and landslide impact. The peak ground acceleration (PGA) and impact velocity were considered as intensity measures of ground shaking and landslide impact, whereas the maximum inter-storey drift ratio was assumed as engineering demand parameter to identify the attainment of a prescribed damage level. Fragility curves highlight that the conditional probability of collapse given PGA significantly increases if cumulative damage to the RC structure due to ground shaking and landslide loading is considered. This can have strong impact on disaster risk assessment and mitigation
NMR and computational data of two novel antimicrobial peptides
No full textAbstractHere we report details on the design and conformational analysis of two novel peptides showing antimicrobial properties, as reported in the research article, “New antimicrobial peptides against foodborne pathogens: from in silico design to experimental evidence” G. Palmieri, M. Balestrieri, Y.T.R. Proroga, L. Falcigno, A. Facchiano, A. Riccio, F. Capuano, R. Marrone, G. Campanile, A. Anastasio (2016) [1]. NMR data, such as chemical shifts in two different solvents as well as aCH protons deviations from random coil values and NOE patterns, are shown together with the statistics of structural calculations. Strategy and particulars of molecular design are presented
The effect of pulsed electric fields on carotenoids bioaccessibility : The role of tomato matrix
No full textTomato fractions were subjected to pulsed electric fields treatment combined or not with heating. Results showed that pulsed electric fields and heating applied in combination or individually induced permeabilization of cell membranes in the tomato fractions. However, no changes in β-carotene and lycopene bioaccessibility were found upon combined and individual pulsed electric fields and heating, except in the following cases: (i) in tissue, a significant decrease in lycopene bioaccessibility upon combined pulsed electric fields and heating and heating only was observed; (ii) in chromoplasts, both β-carotene and lycopene bioaccessibility significantly decreased upon combined pulsed electric fields and heating and pulsed electric fields only. The reduction in carotenoids bioaccessibility was attributed to modification in chromoplasts membrane and carotenoids-protein complexes. Differences in the effects of pulsed electric fields on bioaccessibility among different tomato fractions were related to tomato structure complexity.</p
Lang-Vojta Conjecture over function fields for surfaces dominating
No full textWe prove the nonsplit case of the Lang-Vojta conjecture over function fields for surfaces of log general type that are ramified covers of . This extends results of Corvaja and Zannier, who proved the conjecture in the split case, and results of Corvaja and Zannier and the second author that were obtained in the case of the complement of a degree four and three component divisor in . We follow the strategy developed by Corvaja and Zannier and make explicit all the constants involved
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