1,720,963 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
A retrospective study on the growth trajectories and nutritional support of preterm infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Dunedin Hospital
No full textIntroduction
Premature infants are at high risk of undernutrition and extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) and thus, monitoring of growth is crucial for optimizing the health and well-being of this vulnerable population group. The newly published INTERGROWTH-21st Preterm Growth Standard released in late 2015 provides the first prescriptive growth trajectory of how an infant should grow however, it has not yet been implemented clinically.
Objectives
Thus, the aim of the present study is i) to determine if differences in growth z-scores and risk of undernutrition among preterm infants born < 33 weeks gestation exist between the INTERGROWTH standard and commonly used NZ growth reference charts; and ii) to assess the growth trajectory of a sample population of preterm infants < 33 weeks gestational age admitted to a New Zealand tertiary care facility using the INTERGROWTH standard, and evaluate the relation between feeding practices and these growth outcomes from birth to approximately 48 weeks Post Menstrual Age (PMA).
Results and Discussion
Longitudinal data were retrospectively collected on infants born < 33 weeks gestation admitted to Dunedin NICU between January 2013 and June 2015. Weight, length and head circumference at birth, 28 days of life (28-DOL), 36 weeks and 48 weeks PMA were collected, z-scores were calculated using the INTERGROWTH Preterm Growth Standard, and commonly used UK-90 and Fenton Preterm Growth References. A number of different classifications were used to define insufficient growth including the proportion of infants classified with a z-score of < -1.28 SD (less than the 10th chart centile), z-score ≥ -2 & <-1 SD) often used to assess ‘at risk’ and a z-score SD <-2 used to define stunting and underweight. McNemar chi-squared test and paired t-tests were employed to assess whether significant differences in classification existed between the INTERGROWTH standard and the growth reference charts. Growth velocity (g/kg/day) was determined via an exponential model from birth to 36 weeks PMA and the post-discharge period from 36 weeks PMA to 48 weeks PMA. Nutritional practices including enteral nutrition, withholding of feeds, nutrient intake at 36 weeks PMA and feeding at discharge were described. Multiple regression was used to explore associations between growth outcomes and nutritional variables.
In total, data were collected on 103 preterm infants. Mean (SD) gestational age of infants was 29.1 (2.5) weeks and birth weight was 1290 (403) g. A comparison of the growth using the different charts revealed significant z-score differences, specifically for weight z-score ≥ -2 & <-1 at birth, head circumference at birth across all categories, and length z-score < -1.28 SD at 36 weeks PMA. Overall, mean z-scores determined using the UK-90 were significantly lower for all growth measures at birth and 36 weeks PMA compared with the INTERGROWTH (all, P<0.001) with the exception of weight-for-age at 36 weeks PMA
An overall evaluation of preterm growth using the INTERGROWTH standard revealed that the prevalence of growth faltering (weight-for-age z-score <-1.28) increased from 9% at birth to 13% at 28-DOL, 19% at 36 weeks and 30% at 48 weeks PMA. Mean (SD) GV in-hospital [14.2 (3.3) g/kg/d] declined substantially post-discharge [8.2 (1.7) g/kg/d], falling well below the desirable rate of 18g/kg/d. Weight at 28-DOL was a significant predictor of improved growth through to 48 weeks PMA. Fortified human milk in hospital was positively associated with length at 36 weeks PMA while reported feeding of infant formula at discharge was associated with improved head circumference at 48 weeks PMA.
Conclusion
Differences were evident between the INTERGROWTH Preterm Growth Standard, with the UK-90 exhibiting the most pronounced differences and misidentification of infants at risk of poor growth. Secondly, EUGR was highly prevalent in this sample population of preterm infants. Optimal growth in the first month of life appears critical for the support of desirable postnatal growth outcomes and reinforces the need for early nutritional support. In addition, a greater emphasis on post-discharge nutrition and growth monitoring is warranted in this sample population
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Mapping Perspectives on an Ethically Challenging Paediatric Case
No full textObjectives
This project aims to identify and examine in detail some of the ethically challenging aspects of the care of infants who have serious medical conditions, by looking at a multidisciplinary team (MDT) and whãnau involved in a single neonatal case. An objective is to identify what was especially important to the whãnau during the care of their baby, and examine the perspectives of various MDT members around these factors. A further objective is to identify the differing perspectives of various health professionals as well as the whãnau relating to specific themes identified, and map how these perspectives relate to one another. In order to make more sense of this data, I look at clinical and ethical frameworks that are appropriate to apply to the results of this study. An overarching objective here is to produce information that can inform health professionals, as to enhance their practise collaboratively and effectively in such testing paediatric cases during their professional careers. In particular, the case- related data may constitute a useful resource for inter-professional education sessions.
Study design
Seven MDT members (transport nurse, social worker, neonatologist, charge nurse, paediatrician, clinical geneticist and midwife) and the whãnau were interviewed using semi-structured qualitative interviews. Interviews were transcribed in full, and then analysed using a grounded theory-lite coding system to extract important themes.
Results
The analysis revealed several important themes, with each overarching theme encompassing several smaller sub-themes. The themes explored were:
1) Communication
2) Ethical issues
3) Source of perspective
The family identified that effective communication from the MDT was a crucial element throughout all stages of their journey with their baby. In general, MDT members also valued communication highly, both within the team itself, and between the team and the whanau. It emerged that different MDT members have different priorities when it came to the way that they used communication.
The family emphasised that it was important to them to consider the impact on the family as a whole when it came to ethical decision points. The MDT tended to focus more on the best interest of the baby as an individual.
It was found that very few of the MDT members interviewed could recall any specific ethics education, and even fewer MDT members consistently used an ethical framework to assist them when considering ethically complex cases.
Conclusion
The single in-depth paediatric case study revealed the intricacies involved in making ethical decisions, working well within a multi-disciplinary team, and forming a relationship with the whãnau. It is clear that cases such as these are multi-faceted and that many factors contribute to either a poor or good outcome for the whãnau. Upon analysis and discussion of results and themes, I conclude that using the Family- Centered Care clinical model and Ethic of Care ethical framework in similar cases may show great benefit for both the families and MDTs. Early inter-professional education may be one way of implementing these models and ideas
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