1,720,956 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Life Satisfaction Among Home-Dwelling Older People Who Have Experienced Falls and Have Declined Subjective Health
No full textOlder people's safety and security in community care for the elderly : focusing on fall risk and fall
No full textBackground: In Sweden the majority of very old people are healthy, and able to live in their own homes and manage without any assistance from their local authorities. However, many of them suffer from impaired cognitive and physical function, a decline in activity and poorer health, leading to a dependency on others in daily life. There are clear directions for the way in which municipalities should provide care for these elderly people, based on respect for their integrity, autonomy, safety and options for fulfilling their lives. Elderly people are often not aware either of the risk of falling, or what has caused a fall, and there are often several reasons underlying why a person falls. The primary reason for older adults falls is the surrounding physical environment, and sometimes it is difficult for elderly people who have a limited range of movement to move around. The effects of medication constitute a further cause of falls. Many older adults living at nursing homes often suffer from chronic diseases and use more medication than other groups of elderly people. Registered nurses (RN) and enrolled nurses (EN) use different types of physical restraints to protect these patients from falls and injuries.Aim: The overall aim of the thesis is to describe overall aspects of elderly people s safety and security. The thesis is divided into four parts, each with its own aim. In study I the aim was to describe perceptions underlying elderly people s decisions to move into a retirement home, as well as their concerns while living in their own homes, by focusing on feelings of safety and security. The aim of study II was to identify risk factors for falls in elderly people living in nursing homes. In study III the aim was to investigate the association between falls and fall risks, fractures, the use of physical restraints and the use of certain medications in somatic and dementia wards, respectively. The aim of study IV was to describe the views and reasoning of registered nurses (RN) and enrolled nurses (EN) on falls, fall risk, use of physical restraints, and patients safety and security in nursing homes.Methods: This thesis contains two qualitative studies and two with a quantitative design. Studies I and IV are based on a qualitative approach, using semi-structured interviews. A total of 12 residents, two males and ten females, aged between 69 and 99 years (M = 84), volunteered to participate in study I. In study IV, interviews were conducted with 15 registered nurses (RN), one male and 14 females, aged between 34 and 60 years (M = 47), and 10 female enrolled nurses (EN), aged between 40 and 63 years (M = 51.5). Data were analysed using a thematic content analysis method. Studies II and III, where the design is ecological with aggregated data, were carried out over a period of four years (2000-2003), and 21 nursing-home units in five municipal homes in Stockholm participated.Results: Elderly people with limited functional ability felt vulnerable in their own homes and this is why they made the decision to move into a retirement home. Home help services, which are crucial for elderly people s feeling of safety and security, were available (Study I). Study II covered 2343 reported incidents. There was a significant correlation between falls and fractures, fall risk and use of wheelchairs, safety belts, and bed rails; and between the occurrence of fractures and the use of sleeping pills with benzodiazepines. Association was also found between fall risk and the use of antidepressants. In study III, the total number of reported fall incidents was 2651; of these, 737 incidents were registered in dementia wards and 1914 in somatic wards. Dementia wards and somatic wards differed regarding falls and fractures, as it was only in dementia wards that falls were associated with fractures. There was also significant correlation between falls and assessed risk of falling, the use of certain kinds of medication, and physical restraints such as wheelchairs and bed rails in dementia wards. At somatic wards, an association was found between falls and the use of sleeping pills with benzodiazepines. The results of study IV indicated that RNs and ENs considered that elderly peoples impaired physical ability and poor balance constituted the main underlying risk of falling. The common argument for using restraints was that of protecting the patients. Physical restraints are used in clinical practice, but RNs and ENs emphasized that there are other good methods for protecting patients from falls and fall-related injuries.Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that municipalities today are not able to offer sufficient safety and security to elderly people who live in their own homes and suffer from impaired cognitive and physical ability. Preventive measures should focus on risk factor assessments. There are also indications that physical restraints do not always protect patients from falls and fall risk, and the use of precautionary measures is necessary in every situation. Finally, further education of staff and reduction of medication, especially benzodiazepines, should be implemented.List of scientific papersI. Fonad E, Robins Wahlin T-B, Heikkilä K, Emami A. (2006). Moving to and living in a retirement home focusing on older peoples sense of safety and security. Journal of Housing for the Elderly. 20(3):45-60. https://doi.org/10.1300/J081v20n03_04II. Fonad E, Wahlin TB, Winblad B, Emami A, Sandmark H. (2008). Falls and fall risk among nursing home residents. J Clin Nurs. 17(1):126-34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.02005.x III. Fonad E, Emami A, Robins Wahlin T-B, Winblad B, Sandmark H. (2007). Falls in somatic and dementia wards at community care units. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. [Accepted] https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6712.2007.00574.x IV. Fonad E, Burnard P, Emami A. (2007). Health care staffs views on fall risk and protection in Stockholm. International Journal of Older Peoples Nursing. [Accepted] https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-3743.2007.00106.x </p
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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