124,957 research outputs found
Adoption of dynamic simulation for an energy performance rating tool for Korean residential buildings : EDEM-SAMSUNG
No full textCurrently, there is a high emphasis on reducing the energy consumption and carbon emissions of buildings worldwide. Korea is facing an emerging issue of energy savings in buildings in perspective of new green economic policy. In this context, various policy measures including the energy efficiency ratings for buildings are being implemented for domestic and non-domestic buildings. In practice, design teams tend to prefer easy to use assessment tools to optimise energy performance and carbon ratings while they are concerned about calculation accuracy and the accurate representation of the dynamics involved associated with the characteristics of Korean residential buildings. This paper presents an assessment tool, named ‘EDEM-Samsung’ that aims to address these challenges for Korean residential apartments, which often encounter complex design issues. EDEM-Samsung is a tool that enables users to make rapid decisions identifying the effect of design parameter changes on energy and carbon ratings with an effective user interface and without compromising accuracy. This paper describes the architecture and functionalities of the tool, and the advantages offered to Korean designers
EDEM-1 and EDEM-2 are required for CPL-1* degradation.
No full text(A) Fluorescence intensities of WT animals carrying the CPL-1* transgene treated with indicated concentrations of kifunensine. Values in scatter gram represent mean fluorescence/μm2 x 1000 in arbitrary units (AU). The red bars indicate the average ±SEM. ****P(B) Immunoblot analysis of CPL-1* degradation in edem-1 and edem-2 mutants carrying the rescuing EDEM-1::mCherry and EDEM-2::mCherry transgenes, respectively. Total protein lysates derived from edem-1 and edem-2 mutants carrying the CPL-1* and rescuing transgenes were separated by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with anti-GFP polyclonal antisera. Tubulin was used as loading control. (C) Histogram showing the densitometry values of the bands presented in (B) normalized to the value of WT condition (n = 3 ± SEM, one way ANOVA with Fisher test), *PP (DOCX)</p
The EDEM methodology for housing upgrade analysis, carbon and energy labelling and national policy development
No full textThe ESRU Domestic Energy Model (EDEM) was developed to assist policy makers in analysis of options for improving carbon and energy performance of housing across a range of possible future technologies, behaviours and environmental factors. EDEM was formulated into an easy to use tool, built on results of detailed simulation models aligned with national housing survey data. From pragmatic inputs, EDEM can determine energy and carbon performance at any scale, from individual dwelling to national stock. EDEM was used to analyse potential upgrades including renewable energy systems and also to rate energy performance of dwellings as required by EU Directive (EU, 2002). This paper describes EDEM methodology, structure and operation then presents findings from application. While initial EDEM projects are for Scottish housing the methodology is applicable to other countries
Expression pattern of <i>edem-1</i>, <i>edem-2</i>, and <i>edem-3</i> genes.
No full text(A) Phylogenetic analysis of the human (Hs—Homo sapiens), fly (Dm—Drosophila melanogaster), worm (Ce—Caenorhabditis elegans) and yeast (Sc—Saccharomyces cerevisiae) orthologues of the ER α-mannosidase proteins. The alignment was made with Clustal Omega software [71]. (B) Schematic organization and pairwise sequence similarity (% identity) between conserved regions of C. elegans (Ce) and human (Hs) EDEM proteins. Sequence identity between domains is shown based on Clustal W alignment [72]. SP denotes signal peptide, PAD- protease associated domain, RS- ER retention signal. (C) Constitutive expression of edem-1 reporter was detected in intestine (a), hindgut (arrow in b) (visualized with Pedem-1::EDEM-1::mCherry) and head neurons (visualized with Pedem-1::EDEM-1::GFP) (arrows in c). Upon the ER stress, Pedem-1::GFP was detected in embryos (d), uterus (e), and upregulated in intestine (f). (D) Constitutive expression of Pedem-2::EDEM-2::mCherry was detected in hypodermis (a), intestine (a, and magnification in b), hindgut (c), pm6 cells of pharynx (d) body wall muscle cells (e), vulva muscle (f), pharyngeal epithelial cells (g), neurons in the head (h, visualized with Pedem-2::EDEM-2::GFP), and tail neurons (i). Pedem-2::GFP was almost ubiquitously expressed upon induction of ER stress by heat shock (j). (E) Pedem-3::GFP was constitutively expressed in pharynx, nervous system, body wall muscle cells (a), vulval muscle and epithelium (b), coelomocytes (c) uterus (ut and uv cells) and DTC (distal tip cells) (d), hindgut (arrow) and tail structures (e), HSN neurons (f) and intestine of L1-L2 larvae (j). Upon induction of ER stress, Pedem-3::GFP was detected in seam cells (g), intestine (h), and excretory canals (i). In (k-m) are shown three focal planes of a Pedem-3::GFP young adult stained with DiI. The dye stained AWB, ASH, ASJ, ASK, ADL and ASI neurons, and the Pedem-3::GFP expression is seen in AWB, ASK (weak expression), ASJ and ASI but not in ASK and ADL neurons. The Pedem-3::GFP is expressed in the PHA but not in PHB phasmid neurons filled with DiI (n). The micrographs were obtained by confocal optics. Scale bars: 10 μm.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Immunoblot analysis of P<i>edem</i>::GFP expression in young animals.
No full text(A) Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) of edem-3 mRNA. WT and edem-3 mutant worms treated with empty vector or edem-3 RNAi; expression were normalized to that of cdc-42 and pmp-3. (B) Total protein lysates derived from WT Pedem::GFP transgenic animals subjected to the indicated treatment were separated by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with anti-GFP polyclonal antisera; tubulin was used as loading control. NS- non-treated, TM- tunicamycin, HS-heat stress, OS- osmotic stress. The histograms show the densitometry values of Pedem::GFP bands normalized to the value of of NS condition (n = 3 ± SEM, t test), *PPPns, not significant. (C) RNAi downregulation of edem triggered accumulation of CPL-1* in intestinal cells. To overrule a significant contribution of autofluorescent stress granules to the GFP fluorescence, images captured with Diode laser were included. Scale bar: 20 μm. (DOCX)</p
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
<i>edem</i> mutants respond differently to ER stress.
No full text(A) Fluorescence intensities of indicated strains carrying the CPL-1* transgene. Dots in scatter gram represent mean fluorescence/μm2 x 1000 in arbitrary units (AU). (B) Schematic structure of Pedem-1::EDEM-1::mCherry and Pedem-2::EDEM-2::mCherry transgenes. Exons are indicated by blue boxes separated by black lines indicating introns. The transgenes include the sequence of the first intron. (C) Quantification of CPL-1* fluorescence in edem-1 and edem-2 mutants harbouring or not EDEM-1 or EDEM-2 transgene. Dots in scatter gram represent mean fluorescence/μm2 x 1000). (D) EDEM-1::mCherry and EDEM-2::mCherry expressed from the transgenes localize correctly to ER. Confocal images of the ER marker GFP::SP12 and EDEM::mCherry in WT animals demonstrating ER colocalization in merged. Exposure adjustments were uniformly applied. (E) Survival fraction of the indicated strains upon 6h heat stress at 35°C. Each strain was scored on three replicate plates and each experiment was repeated independently four times. (F) Percentage of eggs that developed into L4 larvae after 3 days on 4 μg/ml tunicamycin. Each strain was scored in six independent experiments in triplicates. (G) Representative image of edem-3 eggs that developed into adults after 10 days on tunicamycin (4 μg/ml). Presence of a mixt stage population and a grater number of eggs on edem-3 plate at the time of observation indicate better survival on tunicamycin. The red bars in A and C indicate the mean ±SEM. Values inside the columns in E and F represent the total number of eggs analyzed. *PPPP<0.0001; ns, not significant.</p
Morphological defects of <i>edem-2</i> mutants.
No full textRepresentative Nomarski images of edem-2 mutant animals showing: (A) phase liquid accumulation into the body cavity, (B) large vesicles in intestine, (C) torn embryos in the uterus, (D) torn oocytes in the proximal gonad, (E) unfertilized oocytes with a large nucleus in the uterus, (F) undeveloped uterus, (G) cytokinesis defects (2 cells embryo with a binucleated cell), and (H) oocytes accumulation in proximal gonad reflecting defective ovulation. (I) Nomarski images of WT embryos and edem-2 herniated embryos. Arrows indicate the position where chitin is broken, and the cytoplasm of the embryo is extruded. Images were acquired with Zeiss stereo microscope Discovery V20. (J) WT and edem-2 embryos stained with FM4-64 dye. While in WT embryo the chitin formed an effective barrier that blocked dye entrance, the dye penetrated the chitin of edem-2 embryos. Arrow points to an embryo in which the dye penetrated and stained the cell membranes. Scale bar: 20 μm.</p
EDEM depletion mitigates ER stress.
No full text(A) Representative confocal images of WT(EV) control or indicated RNAi depleted young adults carrying the Phsp-4::GFP transgene under non ER-stress conditions (upper panel), treatment with 5 μg/ml tunicamycin for 12h (middle panel), and heat shock, and 5 μM thapsigargin treatment (lower panel). TM-tunicamycin, HS-heat shock, TG-thapsigargin. The worms were outlined for better visualization. Images were obtained using the same confocal settings. Exposure adjustments were uniformly applied. Scale bar: 50 μm. (B) Quantitative RT-PCR measurements of Phsp-4::mRNA levels in indicated strains under non stress and treatment with 5 μg/ml tunicamycin (n = 3 independent experiments). (C) Quantitative RT-PCR measurements of Phsp-4::mRNA levels in indicated strains under non stress and heat stress treatment (n = 3 independent experiments). In (B) and (C) quantifications were normalized relative to WT non stress conditions. ****Pns, not significant. Quantifications were normalized relative to WT non stress conditions. (D) Representative confocal images of WT control and edem-2 mutants carrying the PC12C8.1::GFP transgene under non ER-stress conditions. The left panels show fluorescence images and the right panels DIC images. (DOCX)</p
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