1,720,953 research outputs found
Operational Improvements in the Shushufindi Gas Plant as an Alternative to Increasing the Availability of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) in the Ecuadorian Market
No full textLiquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is a mixture of light hydrocarbons, composed mainly of propane and butanes. It is obtained through the processing of natural gas and/or in crude oil refining processes. Currently, LPG has very varied applications, in industry, transport, agriculture, or for cooking. In Ecuador, the LPG consumption has had a growing behavior over the years and is mainly focused on the domestic, industrial, automotive, and agricultural sectors. LPG production focuses on the Esmeraldas and La Libertad refineries, and the Shushufindi Gas Plant (ShGP), which all together produce approximately 1.92 MMbl/yr. However, to satisfy the country's LPG market, the government carries out imports that represent approximately 80% of the national demand. An alternative to increase the LPG supply in Ecuador is to value the natural gas associated with the production of hydrocarbons in the Amazon region. The ShGP is located in the Sucumbios province and is a main hydrocarbon processing center for the LPG production. This work aims to carry out a technical and economic feasibility study of operational improvements that can be implemented in the ShGP to increase the supply of LPG in the national market. The study consisted of first, identifying the industrial process for the LPG production in the ShGP, where the existing unit operations, the equipment operating conditions, and the different sections of the plant were recognized based on public and available information. Second, a detailed analysis of the plant's operation was carried out using simulation tools and real data. Third, operational improvements were proposed that could be implemented in the ShGP, considering modifications in operating conditions, possible installation of expansion valves, and incorporation of a new cooling unit. Finally, a technical and economic feasibility analysis of the proposed operational improvements was carried out. The results showed that it is possible to increase the current LPG production of ShGP by 30% by incorporating a new cooling unit using ethane-based refrigerants. The estimated cost of the cooling unit is 1.5 MMUSD. However, a detailed economic study is required to define the final cost associated with the implementation and start-up of the new cooling unit.El gas licuado de petróleo (GLP) es una mezcla de hidrocarburos ligeros, compuesta principalmente de propano y butanos. Se obtiene mediante el procesamiento del gas natural y/o en procesos de refinación de crudo de petróleo. En la actualidad, el GLP tiene aplicaciones muy variadas, en la industria, el transporte, la agricultura, o para cocinar. En Ecuador, el consumo de GLP ha tenido un comportamiento creciente a lo largo de los años y se centra principalmente en los sectores doméstico, industrial, automotriz y agrícola. La producción de GLP se focaliza en las refinerías de Esmeraldas y La Libertad, y en la Planta de Gas Shushufindi (PGSh), que en conjunto producen aproximadamente 1,92 MMbl/año. Sin embargo, para satisfacer el mercado de GLP en el país, el gobierno realiza importaciones que representan aproximadamente el 80% de la demanda nacional. Una alternativa para incrementar la oferta de GLP en el país es valorizar el gas natural asociado a la producción de hidrocarburos en la región Amazónica. La PGSh, se encuentra ubicada en la provincia de Sucumbíos, y es el principal centro de procesamiento de hidrocarburos para la producción de GLP. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo llevar a cabo un estudio técnico y de factibilidad económica de mejoras operacionales que puedan implementarse en la PGSh con la finalidad de incrementar la oferta de GLP en el mercado nacional. El estudio consistió primero en identificar el proceso industrial de producción de GLP en la PGSh, donde se reconoció las operaciones unitarias existentes, las condiciones de operación de los equipos y las diferentes secciones de la planta en base a información pública y disponible. Segundo, se realizó un análisis detallado de la operación de la planta empleando herramientas de simulación y datos reales. Tercero, se propuso mejoras operacionales que podrían implementarse en la PGSh, considerando modificaciones en condiciones de operación, posible instalación de válvulas de expansión e incorporación de una nueva unidad de enfriamiento. Finalmente, se realizó un análisis técnico y de factibilidad económica de las mejoras operacionales propuestas. Los resultados mostraron que es posible incrementar la producción actual de GLP de la PGSh en un 30% mediante la incorporación de una nueva unidad de enfriamiento con etano. El costo estimado de la unidad de enfriamiento es de 1.5 MMUSD. Sin embargo, se requiere de un estudio económico detallado para definir el costo final asociado a la implementación y puesta en marcha de la nueva unidad de enfriamiento.PETROQUÍMICO/
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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