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Intimately Bound: Injustice and the Foster System
No full textPolitical theorists have not paid sustained attention to the foster system or treated it as a political institution. Despite this, scholars in law and the social sciences, as well as a growing number of social movement advocates, have suggested that the U.S. and English foster systems are unjust. This dissertation characterises injustice in the widespread but relatively understudied institution of the foster system, proposes action-guiding ethical and policy principles to address these injustices, and suggests new normative ideals to govern the state’s intervention into intimate life.
To properly characterise injustice in the foster system, I argue that we must correct a conceptual oversight about the definitive power of the system and how it is typically employed. The foster system is an institution that engages in coercive relational intervention. More specifically, it enacts violence on our intimate relationships when it exercises its power to remove children from their caregivers. Much of the injustice in the system pertains to the misuse of this power, or, what I call, the capacity to employ relational violence.
Chapter one proposes the novel concept of relational violence which provides an ethical framework for evaluating moral harms to intimate relationships. Relational violence occurs when an external party damages an intimate bond by substantially disrupting an intimate relationship. Relational violence, I argue, is generally morally wrong and we have moral reasons to minimise its use where possible. In the foster system, however, poverty, housing insecurity, and racial prejudice can lead to unnecessary relational violence through child removals. The foster system thus emerges as an unjust institution that can compound the existing harms of racial and economic inequality with painful relational injustices.
Chapter two expands on how racism in the contemporary foster system damages intimate relationships. I argue that racial ideology specifically targets black parents in their capacities as parents. Racial ideology can suggest that the intimate bonds within black families are worth less than those within other families–or even that black intimate bonds are worth nothing at all. Critics have suggested that the foster system violates a “right to parent” or the family autonomy of black parents and families, and that it can violate a black child’s right to be raised in their racial group. Alternatively, some have even suggested that the system may under-intervene into black families. I show that my account of racial ideology as undervaluing, or totally devaluing, black intimate bonds complements some critiques of racism in the system while also addressing important counterarguments raised against others.
In chapter three I argue that despite the system’s purported goal of safeguarding children, the foster system’s demonstrable function–how it effectively operates in social and political life–is in fact a kind of poverty intervention. This poverty intervention can be direct or indirect. By this I mean that the foster system may intervene based on factors that impair parenting capacities but that may be either directly or indirectly caused by poverty. That the demonstrable function of the foster system is poverty intervention is itself concerning for theories of justice since poverty is a form of systemic injustice. But despite our moral obligations to correct for systemic injustice in society, state intervention within the foster system, I argue, should be determined primarily by our obligation to minimise damage to intimate bonds.
Finally, chapter four argues that our response to injustice in the foster system requires that the system aim to protect, where possible, the integrity of our intimate relationships. The concept of relational violence implies that we must aim to equally respect the moral value of other’s intimate bonds. This requirement is, I suggest, a necessary condition for the integrity of our intimate relationships. Nevertheless, respecting even this minimal account of intimate integrity requires substantial changes to law, policy, and practice in the foster system. It also demands that we clarify the extent and bounds of coercive relational intervention through the system, and that we work to make decision-making about intervention in the system more democratic. I conclude the chapter and the dissertation with some suggestions about what respect for intimate integrity would demand of the foster system.Governmen
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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