78 research outputs found
Authentication Issues In Mobile Cloud Computing
No full textMobile cloud computing is a popular topic in today's globe. It helps to improve the performance of mobile devices by utilizing cloud services. Security, particularly authentication in MCC, may be an important need for safeguarding cloud-based computations and communication. Wireless media is used to transmit data between the client and the cloud. As a result, MCC models emphasize fundamental security problems in a range of disciplines, including as authentication, privacy, and trust. Mobile device and cloud computing convergence has mostly led in MCC security threats. This article focuses on the principles of assessing various authentication techniques as well as the security issues that have evolved as a result of the combination of mobile and cloud computing technologies. Existing MCC approaches, according to this study, ignore cloud-to-client authentication issues
When do special interests run rampant ? disentangling the role in banking crises of elections, incomplete information, and checks and balances
No full textThe author investigates the political determinants of government decisions that benefit special interest groups - especially government decisions to deal with banking crises. He finds that the better informed the voters, the more proximate elections, and the larger the number of political veto players ( conditional on the costs to voters of relevant policy decision), the smaller the government's fiscal transfer are to the financial sector and the less likely the government is to exercise forbearance in dealing with insolvent financial institutions. The results suggest that policies thatmight be appropriate for mitigating banking crises in the United States might be less effective in settings where voters are less informed, where elections are less competitive, and where there are fewer veto players, because in these settings checks and balances are missing. These policies include: a) Disseminating information about the costs of inefficient government decisions. b) Improving the structure of legislative regulatory oversight. c) Intervening early in insolvent banks. The author concludes that the more veto players there are, the less likely policies are to favor special interest groups (contrary to previous views). Moreover, the closer the elections, the less likely policies are to favor special interest groups.
Modulational and Subharmonic Dynamics of Periodic Waves
No full textThe overarching theme of this dissertation is to investigate the stability and dynamics of spatially-periodic travelling and stationary wave solutions to partial differential equations (PDEs) arising from physical applications. First we study the modulational dynamics of interfacial waves rising buoyantly along a conduit of a viscous liquid. Formally the behavior of modulated periodic waves on large space and time scales may be described through the use of Whitham modulation theory. The application of Whitham theory, however, is based on formal asymptotic (WKB) methods, thus removing a layer of rigor that would otherwise support their predictions. In this first study, we aim at rigorously verifying the predictions of the Whitham theory, as it pertains to the modulational stability of periodic waves, in the context of the so-called conduit equation, a nonlinear dispersive PDE governing the evolution of the circular interface separating a light, viscous fluid rising buoyantly through a heavy, more viscous, miscible fluid at small Reynolds numbers. Using rigorous spectral perturbation theory, we connect the predictions of Whitham theory to the rigorous spectral (in particular, modulational) stability of the underlying wave trains. We then study the linear dynamics of spectrally stable -periodic stationary solutions of the Lugiato-Lefever equation (LLE), a damped nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation with forcing that arises in nonlinear optics. It is known that such -periodic solutions are nonlinearly stable to -periodic, i.e., subharmonic, perturbations for each with exponential decay rates of the form . However, both the exponential rates of decay and the allowable size of initial perturbations tend to 0 as so that this result is non-uniform in and is, in fact, empty in the limit . We introduce a methodology in the context of the LLE by which a uniform stability result for subharmonic perturbations may be achieved at the linear level. The obtained uniform decay rates are shown to agree precisely with the polynomial decay rates of localized, i.e., integrable on the real line, perturbations of such spectrally stable periodic solutions of the LLE. A key component of the proofs in this study is the introduction of space-time dependent modulations, which, as we show, allows us to justify Whitham theory at the level of linear dynamics for the LLE. This work both unifies and expands on several existing works in the literature concerning the stability and dynamics of such waves, and sets forth a general methodology for studying such problems in other contexts. Interestingly, we were unable to push the above analysis to the nonlinear level due to an unavoidable loss of derivatives that occurs in our iteration scheme. If the PDE has dissipation in the highest-order term, one can regain these lost derivatives through a technique known as ``nonlinear damping.'' Unfortunately, the dissipation in the LLE occurs in the lowest-order term, leaving no hope of regaining derivatives through a nonlinear damping estimate. As a proof of concept, we explore if, in the presence of a nonlinear damping estimate, the methodology we developed for the linear analysis could be used to develop an analogous nonlinear subharmonic stability result which is uniform in . To that end, we investigated the stability and nonlinear dynamics of spectrally-stable wave trains in reaction-diffusion systems. Using the nonlinear damping estimate present in reaction-diffusion systems, we were able to successfully introduce a methodology by which a stability result for subharmonic perturbations which is uniform in may be achieved at the {\it nonlinear} level. This proof of concept therefore motivates the idea that methodologies for overcoming the loss of regularity that occurs in {\it localized} nonlinear iteration schemes can be modified to similarly overcome the loss of regularity that occurs when establishing nonlinear subharmonic stability results that are uniform in the period of perturbation. Consequently, in the final chapter of the dissertation we develop a new methodology that allows us to circumvent the loss of regularity in the case of localized perturbations and in the presence of weak damping, i.e., in the absence of a nonlinear damping estimate. We return to our study of the Lugiato-Lefever equation and consider the nonlinear stability of spectrally stable periodic stationary solutions of the LLE. In our first study of the LLE, we used a delicate decomposition of the associated linearized solution operator to obtain linear stability results to localized perturbations with polynomial rates of decay to a spatio-temporal phase modulation of the underlying wave. In this study, we present a new nonlinear iteration scheme in which the aforementioned loss of derivatives is compensated through a coupling to a separate ``unmodulated'' iteration scheme in which derivatives are not lost, yet where perturbations decay too slow to close an independent iteration scheme. Our work establishes the nonlinear stability of spectrally stable periodic stationary solutions of the LLE to localized perturbations with precisely the same polynomial decay rates predicted from the linear theory. Moreover, as our study of reaction-diffusion systems showed, it motivates the methodology by which we may obtain a nonlinear subharmonic stability result for the LLE that is uniform in the period of perturbation, a result that is currently under investigation by the author et al
Measurement of neutrino-induced neutral-current coherent production in the NOvA near detector
No full text© 2020 authors. Open access. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3..
WSU authors: Meyer, Holger; Muether, Mathew; Solomey, Nickolas. The complete list includes: Acero, M.A.; Adamson, P.; Aliaga, L.; Alion, T.; Allakhverdian, V.; Anfimov, N.; Antoshkin, A.; Arrieta-Diaz, E.; Aurisano, A.; Back, A.; Backhouse, C.; Baird, M.; Balashov, N.; Baldi, P.; Bambah, B.A.; Basher, S.; Bays, K.; Behera, B.; Bending, S.; Bernstein, R.; Bhatnagar, V.; Bhuyan, B.; Bian, J.; Blair, J.; Booth, A.C.; Bolshakova, A.; Bour, P.; Bromberg, C.; Buchanan, N.; Butkevich, A.; Campbell, M.; Carroll, T.J.; Catano-Mur, E.; Childress, S.; Choudhary, B.C.; Chowdhury, B.; Coan, T.E.; Colo, M.; Corwin, L.; Cremonesi, L.; Cronin-Hennessy, D.; Davies, G.S.; Derwent, P.F.; Ding, P.; Djurcic, Z.; Doyle, D.; Dukes, E.C.; Dung, P.; Duyang, H.; Edayath, S.; Ehrlich, R.; Feldman, G.J.; Flanagan, W.; Frank, M.J.; Gallagher, H.R.; Gandrajula, R.; Gao, F.; Germani, S.; Giri, A.; Gomes, R.A.; Goodman, M.C.; Grichine, V.; Groh, M.; Group, R.; Guo, B.; Habig, A.; Hakl, F.; Hartnell, J.; Hatcher, R.; Hatzikoutelis, A.; Heller, K.; Himmel, A.; Holin, A.; Howard, B.; Huang, J.; Hylen, J.; Jediny, F.; Johnson, C.; Judah, M.; Kakorin, I.; Kalra, D.; Kaplan, D.M.; Keloth, R.; Klimov, O.; Koerner, L.W.; Kolupaeva, L.; Kotelnikov, S.; Kreymer, A.; Kullenberg, C.; Kumar, A.; Kuruppu, C.D.; Kus, V.; Lackey, T.; Lang, K.; Lin, S.; Lokajicek, M.; Lozier, J.; Luchuk, S.; Maan, K.; Magill, S.; Mann, W.A.; Marshak, M.L.; Matveev, V.; Méndez, D.P.; Messier, M.D.; Meyer, H.; Miao, T.; Miller, W.H.; Mishra, S.R.; Mislivec, A.; Mohanta, R.; Moren, A.; Mualem, L.; Muether, M.; Mulder, K.; Mufson, S.; Murphy, R.; Musser, J.; Naples, D.; Nayak, N.; Nelson, J.K.; Nichol, R.; Niner, E.; Norman, A.; Nosek, T.; Oksuzian, Y.; Olshevskiy, A.; Olson, T.; Paley, J.; Patterson, R.B.; Pawloski, G.; Pershey, D.; Petrova, O.; Petti, R.; Plunkett, R.K.; Potukuchi, B.; Principato, C.; Psihas, F.; Raj, V.; Radovic, A.; Rameika, R.A.; Rebel, B.; Rojas, P.; Ryabov, V.; Sachdev, K.; Samoylov, O.; Sanchez, M.C.; Seong, I.S.; Shanahan, P.; Sheshukov, A.; Singh, P.; Singh, V.; Smith, E.; Smolik, J.; Snopok, P.; Solomey, N.; Song, E.; Sousa, A.; Soustruznik, K.; Strait, M.; Suter, L.; Talaga, R.L.; Tas, P.; Thayyullathil, R.B.; Thomas, J.; Tiras, E.; Torbunov, D.; Tripathi, J.; Tsaris, A.; Torun, Y.; Urheim, J.; Vahle, P.; Vasel, J.; Vinton, L.; Vokac, P.; Vrba, T.; Wang, B.; Warburton, T.K.; Wetstein, M.; While, M.; Whittington, D.; Wojcicki, S.G.; Wolcott, J.; Yadav, N.; Yallappa Dombara, A.; Yang, S.; Yonehara, K.; Yu, S.; Zalesak, J.; Zamorano, B.; Zwaska, R.l; NOvA Collaboration.The cross section of neutrino-induced neutral-current coherent production on a carbon-dominated target is measured in the NOvA near detector. This measurement uses a narrow-band neutrino beam with an average neutrino energy of 2.7\,GeV, which is of interest to ongoing and future long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments. The measured flux-averaged cross section is
, consistent with model prediction. This result is the most precise measurement of neutral-current coherent production in the few-GeV neutrino energy region.Document was prepared by the NOvA Collaboration using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP user facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy; the U.S. National Science Foundation; the Department of Science and Technology, India; the European Research Council; the MSMT CR, GA UK, Czech Republic; the RAS, RFBR, RMES, RSF, and BASIS Foundation, Russia; CNPq and FAPEG, Brazil; STFC and the Royal Society, United Kingdom; and the state and University of Minnesota
"Lessons We Should Have Learned from the Global Financial Crisis but Didn't"
No full textIn this paper, I first quickly recount the causes and consequences of the global financial crisis (GFC). Of course, the triggering event was the unfolding of the subprime crisis; however, I argue that the financial system was already so fragile that just about anything could have caused the collapse. I then move on to an assessment of the lessons we should have learned. Briefly, these include: (a) the GFC was not a liquidity crisis, (b) underwriting matters, (c) unregulated and unsupervised financial institutions naturally evolve into control frauds, and (d) the worst part is the cover-up of the crimes. I argue that we cannot resolve the crisis until we begin going after the fraud. Finally, I outline an agenda for reform, along the lines suggested by the work of Hyman P. Minsky.Global Financial Crisis; Subprime Crisis; Hyman P. Minsky; Galbraith and the Great Crash; Control Fraud; Underwriting; Deregulation; Financial Reform
Agricultural Trade Liberalization: Implications for Productive Factors in the U.S.
No full textThis report presents preliminary results of impacts on factors of production in the United States, following reductions in assistance to agriculture. Analysis was conducted by modifying the production structure of the U.S. country model in SWOPSIM to explicitly include inputs employed by agriculture. The results indicate that it is important to adequately model the production technology and include inputs, otherwise simulation results may not capture the impact of liberalization on input use and may not adequately represent changes in producer income.International Relations/Trade,
Genome-wide association study identifies a variant in HDAC9 associated with large vessel ischemic stroke
No full textGenetic factors have been implicated in stroke risk, but few replicated associations have been reported. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for ischemic stroke and its subtypes in 3,548 affected individuals and 5,972 controls, all of European ancestry. Replication of potential signals was performed in 5,859 affected individuals and 6,281 controls. We replicated previous associations for cardioembolic stroke near PITX2 and ZFHX3 and for large vessel stroke at a 9p21 locus. We identified a new association for large vessel stroke within HDAC9 (encoding histone deacetylase 9) on chromosome 7p21.1 (including further replication in an additional 735 affected individuals and 28,583 controls) (rs11984041; combined P = 1.87 × 10<sup>−11</sup>; odds ratio (OR) = 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.28–1.57). All four loci exhibited evidence for heterogeneity of effect across the stroke subtypes, with some and possibly all affecting risk for only one subtype. This suggests distinct genetic architectures for different stroke subtypes
"What is the American Model Really About? Soft Budgets and the Keynesian Devolution "
No full textThe "American Model" serves as a point of reference in discussions of economic policy around the world especially in Europe; many claim that the American version of the free market represents an ideal type-it is the highest form of capitalism. The author argues, however, that the United States has relied heavily on government intervention in housing, health care, pensions, and education. Not only have these programs been largely successful and popular, they also provide a Keynesian stimulus to spending that help account for the strength of the U.S. economy. Now that the U.S. is in a weak, jobless recovery, the key to restoring growth may lie in the kinds of governmental programs that have helped to sustain and stabilize the U.S. economy in the past.
Ensuring Sustained Beneficial outcomes for water and sanitation (WATSAN) programmes in the developing world.
No full textThe two objectives of this thesis are firstly to suggest approaches to achieve sustained beneficial outcomes from WATSAN, and secondly how to ‘scale up’ application of these approaches, so that they impact positively on the lives of the millions of people who live without safe water or adequate sanitation.
To discover what these approaches are the literature is examined and practical lessons are drawn from two WATSAN programmes in East and Central Africa.
The conclusions are presented in the form of a charter for the sustainable development of WATSAN, with nine clauses suggested to guide project and programme managers around the issues that need to be taken into account in this most important of development sectors.
The charter’s clauses walk the reader through various stages of WATSAN development, through participatory project identification, need and demand response, sustainable environmental approaches, structured health education, staffing issues, decentralisation, and the practicalities of policy, allowing work to progress at the speed that communities need to acquire ownership whilst at the same time scaling up programme implementation to make a meaningful impact on the MDGs.
The global issues of financing the MDGs are also assessed, and the conclusion is that meeting the MDGs is possible in sustainable manner, but only if there is a massive shift in the resources allocated towards those really in need, and a change in the attitudes of the political power brokers to allow this, promoting quality work, to be implemented by integrated teams, in a process orientated, ethos driven way, with WATSAN set as a keystone of wider human development
Equine nutrition: a survey of perceptions and practices of horse owners undertaking a massive open online course in equine nutrition
No full textAn online survey was designed to ascertain the following information: demographics, current feeding practices, and perceptions and knowledge of equine nutrition, including nutrition-related disorders. Response rate was 34% (6,538 respondents). More than 80% of respondents were horse owners or caretakers, with the majority owning between one and five horses (75%) aged 5 years and older (74%). Most kept their horses for pleasure (54%), with 33% using them mostly for competition and 13% using them for an equal mix of both pleasure and competition. Concentrates were fed by the majority (87%), and more than 70% stated that their horses had some access to pasture. Over half of respondents (60%) regularly monitored their horses' weight, with most doing this monthly. Weight tapes were most commonly used (62%), although many reported to guess the weight of their horse(s) with very few (5%) using weight scales. Under half (46%) stated that they regularly used body condition scoring (BCS), many did not use BCS at all (24%), and some did not know what BCS was (10%). Of those that did use BCS, most (36%) did this monthly, with others weekly (25%), daily (14%), and when they remembered (15%). Overall knowledge of nutrition was reported by most as average (median, 3 on Likert scale—average); however, respondents were less knowledgeable on the management of nutrition-related disorders
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