1,721,005 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Epigenetics and Noncoding RNA – Principles and Clinical Impact
No full textAbstract Genetics studies the inheritance of genetic information encoded by the base pair sequence and its variants. Sequence variants can have severe consequences as seen in genetically inherited diseases (e. g. osteogenesis Imperfecta, hypophosphatasia). On the other hand, epigenetics deals with inherited and dynamically reversible modifications of chromatin without changing the base pair sequence, resulting in a change in phenotype without a change in genotype. These modifications primarily exert their effects by influencing gene expression. Initially, the definition of epigenetics exclusively comprised inherited changes that persist across several generations without changes in the DNA sequence. This definition has been extended to include also dynamic and partially reversible changes that occur more short-term. These gene modulatory effects introduce new levels of complexity and are crucial determinants of cell fate and organismal development. With its length of approximately two meters, human DNA has to be compacted to fit into the nuclei and fulfill its functions. DNA is wrapped around histone octamers into so-called nucleosomes. DNA, histones, and other DNA-associated proteins together form what is called chromatin. DNA packaging is achieved by variable degrees of chromatin condensation depending on cell type and context. Epigenetic transcriptional regulation modifies the affinity and accessibility of cis-regulatory elements (CREs) for transcription factors and the basic transcriptional machinery and governs interaction between CREs. CREs include promoters, enhancers, silencers, and insulators and are potent modulators of gene expression impacting core cell biological processes such as proliferation and differentiation. Chromatin looping and remodeling by differential covalent modifications of DNA (e. g., methylation or hydroxylation) and histone tails (e. g., acetylation or methylation) elicit fundamental changes in CRE accessibility, thus impacting gene expression. Chromatin looping depends on a specialized machinery including cohesins. Chromatin modifications are mediated by specific enzymes like DNA methylases (DNMTs), histone-modifying enzymes, like histone methyl- and acetyltransferases (KMTs, HATs/KATs), and histone demethylases and deacetylases (KDMs, HDACs). It becomes increasingly evident that epigenetic (dys)regulation plays a decisive role in physiology and pathophysiology, impacting many age-related diseases like cancer and degenerative pathologies (e. g., osteoporosis, Alzheimer’s, or Parkinson’s) in a significant fashion. Recently, small-molecule inhibitors of chromatin-modifying enzymes (e. g., vorinostat) have been identified and successfully introduced in therapy. Significant progress in high-throughput sequencing technologies and big data analysis has broadened our understanding of noncoding (nc) RNAs and DNA sequence regions in (post-)transcriptional regulation and disease development. Among ncRNAs that play vital roles in gene expression are micro- (miRs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs; e. g., XIST or HOTAIR). By interacting with the coding genome, these RNAs modulate important genetic programs. Interfering RNAs can, for example, enhance the post-transcriptional degradation of transcripts, altering their translation, or assist in the recruitment of chromatin-modifying enzymes to regulate transcription. They can also be packaged into extracellular vesicles as cargo and thus deliver critical information to the microenvironment or even systemically to distant tissues. Therefore, ncRNAs represent a novel playground for therapeutical investigations and supplement epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation while being subject to epigenetic regulation themselves. Last but not least, dysregulated ncRNAs can also propagate disease. Until recently, the detection of epigenetic phenomena necessitated invasive diagnostic interventions. However, with the arrival of so-called “liquid biopsies” an analysis of circulating cell-free DNA fragments (cfDNA) and RNAs as well as vesicle-packed RNAs through minimal invasively drawn blood samples can be obtained. Such “fragmentomics” and RNAomics approaches on peripheral blood will ultimately serve as diagnostic tools for personalized clinical interventions
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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