1,720,985 research outputs found
Poly(Lactic Acid) Bionanocomposites Reinforced With Tempo-Oxidized Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Nanocrystalline Cellulose
Full text linkBionanocomposites of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) have the potentials to be used in various applications because of their biodegradability and renewability. However, due to their significant differences in hydrophobicity, it creates dispersibility and compatibility problems. To reduce these shortcomings, the NCC is modified via the silylation reaction using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS). The NCC used in this research was isolated from unbleached OPEFB pulp using a combination of TEMPO oxidation and ultrasonic treatment, with solvent casting using chloroform employed for the preparation of the PLA-NCC bionanocomposite
Efek Pemanasan terhadap Rendemen Lemak pada Proses Pengepresan Biji Kakao
No full textPengaruh pemanasan terhadap perolehan lemak kakao selama pengepresan biji kakao menggunakan pengepres mekanis telah diteliti. Variabel percobaan mencakup tekanan 30 dan 40 MPa dengan variasi suhu 50-90oC. Kandungan lemak rata-rata pada biji kakao sebesar 51,32%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor tekanan tidak mempengaruhi rendemen lemak kakao sedangkan faktor suhu berpengaruh nyata terhadap rendemen lemak kakao. Rendemen tertinggi sebesar 34,95% diperoleh pada suhu 70oC dan tidak berbeda nyata dengan rendemen pada suhu 80 dan 90oC. Asam lemak bebas meningkat dengan peningkatan suhu pemanasan pengepres dan diduga karena penguraian trigliserida pada suhu diatas 80oC. Profil asam lemak dari lemak kakao adalah asam palmitat 26,24%, stearat 42,23% dan oleat 26,53%. Komposisi ini hampir sama dengan komposisi lemak kakao dari berbagai sumber. Dari hasil karakteristik solid fat content diperoleh bahwa lemak yang diperoleh memiliki sifat pencairan pada suhu 20-30oC. Idealnya, lemak kakao mulai mencair pada kisaran suhu 30-35 oC. Kondisi ini menjadi pertimbangan pada proses perdagangan lemak kakao, karena akan mempengaruhi penerapan penggunaan lemak kakao pada industri makanan (convectionary).
Kata kunci: kandungan lemak padat, konfeksionari, lemak kakao, pengepresan, pengepres mekani
Pengaruh plasticizer dan nisbah Pati: Air terhadap karakteristik fisik edible film dari pati beras hancur
No full textix+27hlm.;29c
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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