1,721,006 research outputs found
PUB: Les Lettons par Céline Bayou et Eric Le Bourhis
No full textLes Lettons Céline Bayou et Eric Le Bourhis Céline Bayou est chargée de cours à l’Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales (Inalco, Paris) et membre associée au Centre de recherches Europes-Eurasie (CREE, Inalco). Elle est corédactrice en chef du site Regard sur l’Est (www.regard-est.com). Elle assure à l’Inalco les cours portant sur la société lettone contemporaine, la géopolitique de la Lettonie, l’histoire de la Lettonie et la géopolitique de la mer Baltique. Eric Le Bou..
PUB: Les Lettons par Céline Bayou et Eric Le Bourhis
No full textLes Lettons Céline Bayou et Eric Le Bourhis Céline Bayou est chargée de cours à l’Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales (Inalco, Paris) et membre associée au Centre de recherches Europes-Eurasie (CREE, Inalco). Elle est corédactrice en chef du site Regard sur l’Est (www.regard-est.com). Elle assure à l’Inalco les cours portant sur la société lettone contemporaine, la géopolitique de la Lettonie, l’histoire de la Lettonie et la géopolitique de la mer Baltique. Eric Le Bou..
That Justice Be Done: Society and Accountability for Nazi and War Crimes in Europe, 1940s–1980s
No full textQuesto libro offre un nuovo approccio ai processi contro persone accusate di crimini commessi in Europa durante l'ascesa della Germania di Hitler e la seconda guerra mondiale (1933-1945). Sfida le nozioni esistenti di processi spettacolo concentrandosi sulle reazioni sociali e le richieste di giustizia. Si instaura un dialogo tra le forme di giustizia molto varie impiegate durante il periodo della guerra fredda: giustizia eccezionale; tribunali sociali comunitari; giustizia penale; giustizia politica; giustizia civile nella revoca della cittadinanza. La prospettiva risolutamente focalizzata sui protagonisti dal 'basso' ha richiesto una combinazione di fonti precedentemente sotto-sfruttate di varia origine, dal livello locale a quello internazionale, e provenienti da diverse culture giudiziarie e politiche: Germania Est e Ovest, Polonia, Bulgaria, Ungheria, URSS, USA
Per la prima volta, questi capitoli scoprono le aspettative sociali che circolano intorno alla responsabilità, le motivazioni sottostanti e le forme di mobilitazione da parte di individui e gruppi - sopravvissuti, testimoni, passanti, colpevoli, parenti, esperti - che si sono trovati coinvolti nei processi. Gli autori esplorano anche le competenze dei professionisti dei media e degli attivisti, dal punto di vista del loro know-how per dare forma alle rappresentazioni della giustizia. In questo modo, il 'cause lawyering' e le reti di advocacy coesistono con modi più discreti di appropriarsi delle questioni legali. Il libro mette in evidenza le interazioni tra cittadini e autorità, rivelando la molteplicità delle posizioni all'interno e all'esterno dell'apparato statale che gli attori talvolta occupavano simultaneamente. In altri termini, il libro scandaglia il fenomeno della co-produzione della giustizia tracciando i contributi degli attori sociali nelle varie fasi di un processo pubblico, dall'indagine alla copertura mediatica, compreso il momento in cui la giustizia viene consegnata. Al di là dell'impatto degli attori sociali sulla sfera giuridica, il libro studia le connessioni (spesso trascurate) tra la conoscenza dei crimini nata in fase investigativa o processuale e le sue espressioni canalizzate in ambito giornalistico, scientifico e memoriale.This book offers a new approach to the trials against persons accused of crimes committed in Europe during the ascendancy of Hitler's Germany and the Second World War (1933-1945). It challenges existing notions of show trials by focusing on social reactions and demands for justice. It forges a dialogue among highly varied forms of justice employed during the Cold War period: exceptional justice; communitarian social courts; criminal justice; political justice; civil justice in citizenship revocation. The perspective resolutely focused on the protagonists from ‘below’ has required a combination of previously underexploited sources of various origins, from the local to the international level, and originating in different judicial and political cultures: East and West Germany, Poland,Bulgaria, Hungary, USSR, USA
For the first time, these chapters uncover the social expectations circulating around accountability, underlying motivations, and forms of mobilization on the part of individuals and groups—survivors, witnesses, bystanders, perpetrators, relatives, experts, who found themselves involved in the trials. The authors also explore the expertise of media professionals and activists, from the point of view of their know-how to shape representations of justice. In this manner, the ‘cause lawyering’ and advocacy networks coexist with more discreet ways of appropriating legal issues. The book highlights interactions between citizens and authorities, revealing the multiplicity of positions within and outside the State apparatus that actors sometimes occupied simultaneously. In other terms, the book plumbs the phenomenon of the co-production of justice by tracing the contributions of social actors at various stages of a public trial, from investigation to media coverage, including the moment that justice is handed down. Beyond the impact of social actors on the legal sphere, the book studies connections (often neglected) between knowledge of crimes that originated in investigative or trial phase and its channeled expressions in journalistic, scientific and memorial fields
Introduction
No full textQuesto libro offre un nuovo approccio ai processi contro persone accusate di crimini commessi in Europa durante l'ascesa della Germania di Hitler e la seconda guerra mondiale (1933-1945). Sfida le nozioni esistenti di processi spettacolo concentrandosi sulle reazioni sociali e le richieste di giustizia. Si instaura un dialogo tra le forme di giustizia molto varie impiegate durante il periodo della guerra fredda: giustizia eccezionale; tribunali sociali comunitari; giustizia penale; giustizia politica; giustizia civile nella revoca della cittadinanza. La prospettiva risolutamente focalizzata sui protagonisti dal 'basso' ha richiesto una combinazione di fonti precedentemente sotto-sfruttate di varia origine, dal livello locale a quello internazionale, e provenienti da diverse culture giudiziarie e politiche: Germania Est e Ovest, Polonia, Bulgaria, Ungheria, URSS, USA Per la prima volta, questi capitoli scoprono le aspettative sociali che circolano intorno alla responsabilità, le motivazioni sottostanti e le forme di mobilitazione da parte di individui e gruppi - sopravvissuti, testimoni, passanti, colpevoli, parenti, esperti - che si sono trovati coinvolti nei processi. Gli autori esplorano anche le competenze dei professionisti dei media e degli attivisti, dal punto di vista del loro know-how per dare forma alle rappresentazioni della giustizia. In questo modo, il 'cause lawyering' e le reti di advocacy coesistono con modi più discreti di appropriarsi delle questioni legali. Il libro mette in evidenza le interazioni tra cittadini e autorità, rivelando la molteplicità delle posizioni all'interno e all'esterno dell'apparato statale che gli attori talvolta occupavano simultaneamente. In altri termini, il libro scandaglia il fenomeno della co-produzione della giustizia tracciando i contributi degli attori sociali nelle varie fasi di un processo pubblico, dall'indagine alla copertura mediatica, compreso il momento in cui la giustizia viene consegnata. Al di là dell'impatto degli attori sociali sulla sfera giuridica, il libro studia le connessioni (spesso trascurate) tra la conoscenza dei crimini nata in fase investigativa o processuale e le sue espressioni canalizzate in ambito giornalistico, scientifico e memoriale.The thirst for post-World War II justice transcended the Cold War and mobilized diverse social groups. This is a story of their multilayered and at times conflictual interactions.
In this edited collection, sixteen historians develop a new approach to the trials against persons accused of war crimes and mass murder in Europe during the ascendancy of Nazism and the Second World War (1933-1945). Focusing on the social aspects of the demand for justice and making use of previously underexploited local and international sources, contributors put to the test the notion of "show trials" and explore a range of judicial and political cultures from Germany to the Soviet Union.
Essays uncover the expectations around accountability and forms of mobilization on the part of a range of citizens involved in the trials: survivors, witnesses, perpetrators, Nazi hunters, and civic activists. In addition to the perspective of these citizens, contributors invoke the expertise of reporters, filmmakers, historians, investigators, and prosecutors who shaped public representations of justice. These shaping efforts, the authors show, often supported the desire of political authorities to benefit from the publicity of the trials and to contain the spontaneous dissemination of information. The book's close examination of interactions between citizens and authorities thus demonstrates the extent and limits of what might be called a "coproduction" of justice, in the process shedding light on the interdependence between historical knowledge and legal prosecution of mass crimes
ORMOSIL thin films: Tuning mechanical properties via a nanochemistry approach
No full textThe mechanical properties (hardness and elastic modulus) of organically modified silicate thin films can be finely tuned by varying the degree of alkylation and thus the fraction of six- and four-membered siloxane rings in the organosilica matrix. This opens the way to large tunability of parameters that are of crucial practical importance for films that are finding increasing application in numerous fields ranging from microelectronics to chemical sensin
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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