79 research outputs found
Helinoto, a Helitron2 transposon from the icefish Chionodraco hamatus, contains a region with three deubiquitinase-like domains that exhibit transcriptional activity
No full textTransposable elements have accompanied the evolution of the eukaryotic genome for millions of
26 years. The recently discovered Helitron order (class II, subclass 2 single-strand DNA transposons)
27 is common in eukaryotes and seems to play a highly active role in genome reshuffling. This study
28 provides novel insights into the characteristics of Helinoto, a helitron isolated in the genome of the
29 Antarctic fish Chionodraco hamatus. In particular, investigation of the structure of its 5‘ and 3'
30 ends, which are involved in the transposition process, enabled identification of the characteristic
31 motifs of the Helitron2 group. Moreover, identification of a deubiquitinating protease domain in the
32 region upstream two consecutive OTU domains extended and strengthened the ―deubiquitinase‖
33 character of the N-terminal portion of Helinoto. Finally, Helinoto transcriptional activity was
34 detected in several C. hamatus tissues. Taken together, these data are particularly intriguing because
35 they document high transcription levels for genes involved in ubiquitination, which ensures protein
36 homeostasis in the extreme Antarctic environment
Laser microdissection-based analysis of the Y sex chromosome of the Antarctic fish Chionodraco hamatus ( Notothenioidei, Channichyidae).
No full textMicrodissection, DOP-PCR amplification and microcloning were used to study the large Y chromosome of Chionodraco hamatus, an Antarctic fish belonging to the Notothenioidei, the dominant component of the Southern Ocean fauna. The species has evolved a multiple sex chromosome system with digametic males showing an X1YX2 karyotype and females an X1X1X2X2 karyotype. Fluorescence in situ hybridization, performed with a painting probe made from microdissected Y chromosomes, allowed a deeper insight on the chromosomal rearrangement, which underpinned the fusion event that generated the Y. Then, we used a DNA library established by microdissection and microcloning of the whole Y chromosome of Ch. hamatus for searching sex-linked sequences. One clone provided preliminary information on the presence on the Y chromosome of the CHD1 gene homologue, which is sex-linked in birds but in no other vertebrates. Several clones from the Y-chromosome mini-library contained microsatellites and transposable elements, one of which mapped to the q arm putative fusion region of the Y chromosome. The findings confirm that interspersed repetitive sequences might have fostered chromosome rearrangements and the emergence of the Y chromosome in Ch. hamatus. Detection of the CHD1 gene in the Y sex-determining region could be a classical example of convergent evolution in action
Short interspersed DNA elements and miRNAs: a novel hidden gene regulation layer in zebrafish?
No full textIn this study, we investigated by in silico analysis the possible correlation between microRNAs (miRNAs) and Anamnia V-SINEs (a superfamily of short interspersed nuclear elements), which belong to those retroposon families that have been preserved in vertebrate genomes for millions of years and are actively transcribed because they are embedded in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of several genes. We report the results of the analysis of the genomic distribution of these mobile elements in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and discuss their involvement in generating miRNA gene loci. The computational study showed that the genes predicted to bear V-SINEs can be targeted by miRNAs with a very high hybridization E-value. Gene ontology analysis indicates that these genes are mainly involved in metabolic, membrane, and cytoplasmic signaling pathways. Nearly all the miRNAs that were predicted to target the V-SINEs of these genes, i.e., miR-338, miR-9, miR-181, miR-724, miR-735, and miR-204, have been validated in similar regulatory roles in mammals. The large number of genes bearing a V-SINE involved in metabolic and cellular processes suggests that V-SINEs may play a role in modulating cell responses to different stimuli and in preserving the metabolic balance during cell proliferation and differentiation. Although they need experimental validation, these preliminary results suggest that in the genome of D. rerio, as in other TE families in vertebrates, the preservation of V-SINE retroposons may also have been favored by their putative role in gene network modulation
Purification and characterization of a veratryl alcohol oxidase enzyme from the lignin degrading basidiomycete Pleurotus ostreatus
No full textComics and human rights: the erasure of X-Women in days of future past
No full textCarolyn Cocca is Associate Professor in the Department of Politics, Economics, and Law at the State University of New York, College at Old Westbury. She is the author of Jailbait: The Politics of Statutory Rape Laws in the United States (SUNY Press), and most recently, of “The Brokeback Project: A Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Portrayals of Women in Mainstream Superhero Comics, 1993-2013”, “Negotiating the Third Wave of Feminism in Wonder Woman” and “Re-booting Barbara Gordon: Batgirl, Oracle, and Feminist Disability Theories” in ImageTexT. She teaches courses on U.S. politics, civil liberties and civil rights law, and the politics of gender and sexuality
Comics and human rights: Wonder Woman and the trickiness of superheroines
No full textCarolyn Cocca is Associate Professor in the Department of Politics, Economics, and Law at the State University of New York, College at Old Westbury. She is the author of Jailbait: The Politics of Statutory Rape Laws in the United States (SUNY Press), and most recently, of “The Brokeback Project: A Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Portrayals of Women in Mainstream Superhero Comics, 1993-2013”, “Negotiating the Third Wave of Feminism in Wonder Woman” and “Re-booting Barbara Gordon: Batgirl, Oracle, and Feminist Disability Theories” in ImageTexT. She teaches courses on U.S. politics, civil liberties and civil rights law, and the politics of gender and sexuality
Comics and human rights: oracle and representations of disability in superhero comics
No full textCarolyn Cocca is Associate Professor in the Department of Politics, Economics, and Law at the State University of New York, College at Old Westbury. She is the author of Jailbait: The Politics of Statutory Rape Laws in the United States (SUNY Press), and most recently, of “The Brokeback Project: A Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Portrayals of Women in Mainstream Superhero Comics, 1993-2013”, “Negotiating the Third Wave of Feminism in Wonder Woman” and “Re-booting Barbara Gordon: Batgirl, Oracle, and Feminist Disability Theories” in ImageTexT. She teaches courses on U.S. politics, civil liberties and civil rights law, and the politics of gender and sexuality
Identification of a novel helitron transposon in the genome of Antarctic fish
No full textA novel helitron from the genome of the icefish species Chionodraco hamatus, belonging to the Channichthyidae, the most derived Notothenioids family, was isolated, characterized and designated as HeliNoto (8.9 kb). Its ORF was compared to homologous sequences from different species in a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis. For the first time the putative functional domains of a helitron were subjected to a well accurate structural analysis including chromosomal localization. Finally, the distribution of HeliNoto among Notothenioids was investigated
The use of optical coherence tomography to enhance surgical margin assessment for canine mast cell tumors
No full textExperiment 1:
Objective: To document the appearance of artifacts created by commonly encountered surgical conditions and instrumentation on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and compare these findings with histopathology.
Study design: Ex vivo study
Animals: 5 canine cadavers
Methods: Skin, subcutaneous fat, skeletal muscle, and fascia samples were obtained from fresh canine cadavers. Blood pooling, hemostatic crushing, scalpel blade cut, monopolar electrosurgery, bipolar vessel sealing device and ultrasonic energy surgical artifacts were induced on each tissue type. Each specimen was interrogated with OCT and subsequently histologically processed.
Results: The majority of surgical instrumentation used for tumor excision created a high-scattering region with local architectural disruption. Blood pooling was visible as a high- scattering layer overlying tissue with normal architecture. Only the scalpel blade created a focal, low-scattering area representing a sharply demarcated cut within the tissue distinct from the appearance of other instrumentation.
Conclusion: Common surgical instruments and conditions encountered during tumor excision produced high-scattering OCT artifacts in tissues commonly seen at surgical margins (SM).
Clinical Significance: The clinical value of OCT hinges upon the ability of personnel to interpret this novel imaging and recognize artifacts. Defining and describing the appearance of common surgical artifacts provides a foundation to create image libraries with known histological and OCT interpretation, ultimately improving the diagnostic accuracy of OCT for assessment of SMs.
Experiment 2:
Objectives: To develop a training set in which normal and abnormal histological features are compared with optical coherency tomography (OCT) images from the surgical margins (SM) of excised mast cell tumors (MCTs). Secondly, to determine the feasibility and utility of OCT imaging to direct pathological sectioning of resected MCTs.
Study design: Prospective, ex vivo study
Animals: 15 dogs with 22 MCTs
Methods: MCTs were excised, and a specific trimming/sectioning plan determined for each specimen. For the first objective, regions of interest (ROI) were imaged with OCT and compared to standard histopathology to define the normal and neoplastic features of tissues comprising the excised SM. For the second, regions suspicious for neoplastic disease were inked, imaged with OCT, and compared with standard and tangential trimming histopathologic diagnoses. Completeness of resection and agreement between OCT and histopathologic evaluation of MCT SM was determined.
Results: Skeletal muscle appeared dense and high-scattering with a striated appearance. Adipose tissue was low-scattering with a honeycombed appearance. Fascia created a linear and discrete high-scattering band. MCT was characterized by a dense, disorganized, and high scattering appearance with a lack of microstructural architecture. Forty-six percent of MCTs were completely excised and 54% removed with incomplete SM. OCT agreed with standard histopathology in 69% cases and displayed disagreement in the remaining 31%. Of the cases that disagreed, 75% showed OCT incomplete and histologically complete SM.
Conclusion: OCT can be used to characterize different tissue types comprising the SM of resected MCTs. This information can then be used to identify areas of incomplete tumor resection and help guide subsequent pathologic evaluation.
Clinical Significance: Standard histopathological processing can be complimented by OCT to screen fresh tissue specimens and guide targeted sections for SM assessment of MCT. Future studies are warranted to determine the diagnostic accuracy of OCT guided histopathologic sectioning and its utility as a preliminary screening tool.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2021-12-01The student, Christina Cocca, accepted the attached license on 2019-10-28 at 20:39.The student, Christina Cocca, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2019-10-28 at 20:42.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2019-11-01 at 15:38.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #14520 on 2020-02-28 at 17:21:42Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-02T22:12:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2019-11-01Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 113874
Lift date: 2022-03-02T22:12:26Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 113874
Lift date: 2022-03-02T22:15:21Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 113874
Lift date: 2022-03-02T22:18:25Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 113874 on 2022-03-03T10:15:16Z
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