1,720,968 research outputs found
Framework to assess climate change impact on heating and cooling energy demands in building stock: A case study of Belgium in 2050 and 2100
Full text linkpeer reviewedClimate change has a broad impact on different aspects of energy use in buildings. This study explores potential changes in future heating and cooling energy demands. Increasing comfort expectations resulting from events like the extraordinary summer heatwaves in Europe are accelerating this trend to develop future scenarios for a better understanding of the relationship between future climate changes and the cooling need. This study used future weather data to estimate the heating and cooling energy demands in the Belgian building stock by 2050 and 2100 under base and business-as-usual scenarios using a dynamic building simulation model. The study showed that heating energy demand in the base scenario is expected to decrease by 8% to 13% in the 2050s and 13% to 22% in the 2090s compared to the 2010s. Additionally, the cooling energy demand is expected to increase by 39% to 65% in the 2050s and by 61% to 123% in the 2090s compared to the 2010s. Retrofit strategies applied to different building types contribute to lower the increase in cooling energy demand in the business-as-usual scenario compared to the base scenario. The cooling energy demand for an average building in the business-as-usual scenario is expected to increase with a range of 25% to 71% in the 2050s compared to 45% to 92% in the base scenario and 77% to 154% in the 2090s compared to 72% to 198% in the base scenario compared to the 2010s. The findings of the study provide insights to mitigate the impacts of climate change on heating and cooling energy demands.[OCCuPANt] Impacts of climate change on buildings in Belgium during summer13. Climate actio
Building Performance Assessment Methods and Tools
No full textThe objective of this chapter is to provide a brief review of the various methods and tools used for building performance assessments. Performance assessment methods and tools are used to evaluate the operational and energy efficiency of buildings and to identify potential improvements and areas for further investigation. Emphasis is given to the modelling of resilient cooling technologies and strategies. The chapter also provides a framework for the selection of input and output parameters used in the simulation and assessment
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Reduction of the Energy Demand With Passive Approaches in Multifamily Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings Under Different Climate Conditions
No full textNearly zero-energy buildings (nZEBs) will be the standard in Europe in the future. How nZEBs are defined and therefore designed varies amongst Europe due to different national definitions/legislations. Furthermore, finding the optimal building design and technology sets for nZEBs under different boundary conditions (climate, availability of renewable energy sources on-site etc.) and for different building types (residential, non-residential) is still a challenge. Many studies in the field focus on active technologies and renewable energies in buildings. However, the effects of passive approaches on energy consumption are not quantified. This paper therefore focuses on the quantification of the effects of passive design approaches/technologies to improve the energy performance of buildings. Passive approaches are the basis for finding optimal nZEB technology sets. Technology sets are combinations of different types of technologies in nZEBs for both the satisfaction of energy needs and thermal comfort requirements. In this paper different passive approaches for already realized buildings in different European countries with different climate conditions [Stuttgart (Germany), Kiruna (Sweden) and Palermo (Italy)] are demonstrated. Even though several technologies are available to achieve nZEBs, applying and combining these technologies in an optimal way is still a challenge. Furthermore, higher initial investment costs for nZEBs are an obstacle for the market acceleration of nZEBs. Hence finding the best trade-off amongst the different goals, optimizing the most promising passive approaches that can be applied is a central part of the solution.
Cooling Concepts for Residential Buildings: A Comparison Under Climate Change Scenarios
Full text linkpeer reviewedBuildings in the EU account for 40% of our energy consumption and 36% of our greenhouse gas emissions, with HVAC systems being the biggest contributors. With the predicted increase in global air temperature up to 4.8 K by the end of this century, cooling will be the most rapidly increasing energy-consuming technology in buildings. Heat pumps are one of the most energy-efficient heating and cooling systems. In this paper, the energy performance of three different cooling concepts including an air-to-air heat pump in a residential building is assessed with the impact of climate change on the heating and cooling energy demands under future climatic scenarios in Belgium. The paper presented the results obtained by simulating heating and cooling systems using DesignBuilder while taking into consideration the influence of climate change on the performance of the systems. This study used several weather data sets one forced by a reanalysis model on the past period (1980-2020) and three forced by Earth System Models (ESM) on past (1980-2014) and future periods (2015-2100). The paper also presented a performance comparison between passive cooling technologies such as natural ventilation and active cooling system such as split AC systems in Belgium. The Indoor Overheating Degree (IOhD) indicator is used to assess the thermal comfort and overheating discomfort in the building. The obtained results showed that the climate plays an important role in the final energy end-use for heating and cooling, the final heating energy end-use decreases by 40% while the final cooling energy end-use increases by 187% by the end of the century. The results also showed that the IOhD using passive cooling scenarios such as natural ventilation decreased by 77% in 2090s compared to the base case where there is only a mechanical ventilation system. While using an active cooling system such as a split AC system could maintain the thermal comfort almost all the time in the future weather scenarios. This paper is part of an ongoing study, the objective of the ongoing study, of which some results are presented in this paper, is to upscale the impact of climate change on the Belgian residential building stock and to evaluate its influence on the future heating and cooling energy demands.7. Affordable and clean energy11. Sustainable cities and communities13. Climate actio
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