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STUDI PUSTAKA IDENTIFIKASI KANDUNGAN METABOLIT SEKUNDER GOLONGAN SENYAWA ANTIOKSIDAN
Get PDFABSTRAK
STUDI PUSTAKA IDENTIFIKASI KANDUNGAN
METABOLIT SEKUNDER GOLONGAN SENYAWA
ANTIOKSIDAN
Oleh :
Elisya Pitriani
1711060278
Metabolit sekunder adalah senyawa organik yang dihasilkan
tumbuhan yang tidak memiliki fungsi langsung pada fotosintesis,
pertumbuhan atau respirasi, transport solut, translokasi, sintesis
protein,asimilasi nutrien, diferensiasi, pembentukan karbohidrat,
protein dan lipid. Metabolit sekunder adalah senyawa metabolik yang
tidak esensial bagi pertumbuhan organisme dan di temukan dalam
bentuk yang unik atau berbeda-beda antara spesies yang satu dan yang
lainnya. Fungsi metabolit sekunder adalah untuk mempertahankan diri
dari kondisi lingkungan yang kurang menguntungkan, misalnya untuk
mengatasi hama dan penyakit, menarik polinator, dan sebagai
molekul sinyal. Beberapa senyawa metabolit sekunder memiliki
aktivitas sebagai antioksidan. Antioksidan merupakan senyawa yang
dapat menghambat reaksi radikal bebas dalam tubuh.
Antioksidan merupakan suatu senyawa yang dapat menyerap
atau menetralisir radikal bebas sehingga mampu mencegah penyakit�penyakit degeneratif seperti kardiovaskuler, karsinogenesis, dan
penyakit lainnya. Senyawa antioksidan merupakan substansi yang
diperlukan tubuh untuk menetralisir radikal bebas dan mencegah
kerusakan yang ditimbulkan oleh radikal bebas terhadap sel normal,
protein, dan lemak. Senyawa ini memiliki struktur molekul yang dapat
memberikan elektronnya kepada molekul radikal bebas tanpa tergangg
sama sekali fungsinya dan dapat memutus reaksi berantai dari radikal
bebas.
Sasaran bahan ajar ini yaitu untuk mahasiswa Fakultas Tarbiyah
dan Keguruan UIN Raden Intan Lampung khususnya pada prodi
Pendidikan Biologi semester 4 pada mata kuliah Fisiologi Tumbuhan.
Sehingga tujuan dari penulisan bahan ajar ini adalah mahasiswa
iii
mampu mengetahui apa itu metabolit sekunder dan mahasiswa mampu
mengatahui apa saja kandungan metabolit sekunder pada golongan
senyawa antioksidan.
Kata Kunci : Metabolit Sekunder, Antioksidan.
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ABSTRACT
STUDI PUSTAKA IDENTIFIKASI KANDUNGAN
METABOLIT SEKUNDER GOLONGAN SENYAWA
ANTIOKSIDAN
By :
Elisya Pitriani
1711060278
Secondary metabolites are organic compounds produced by
plants that do not have direct functions in photosynthesis, growth or
respiration, solute transport, translocation, protein synthesis, nutrient
assimilation, differentiation, formation of carbohydrates, proteins and
lipids. Secondary metabolites are metabolic compounds that are not
essential for the growth of organisms and are found in unique forms or
differ from one species to another. The function of secondary
metabolites is to defend themselves from unfavorable environmental
conditions, for example to overcome pests and diseases, attract
pollinators, and as signaling molecules. Several secondary metabolites
have antioxidant activity. Antioxidants are compounds that can inhibit
free radical reactions in the body.
Antioxidants are compounds that can absorb or neutralize free
radicals so as to prevent degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular,
carcinogenesis, and other diseases. Antioxidant compounds are
substances that the body needs to neutralize free radicals and prevent
the damage caused by free radicals to normal cells, proteins, and fats.
This compound has a molecular structure that can donate electrons to
free radical molecules without disturbing its function at all and can
break the chain reaction of free radicals.
The target of this teaching material is for students of the Faculty
of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training at UIN Raden Intan Lampung,
especially in the 4th semester of Biology Education study program in
the Plant Physiology course. So that the purpose of writing this
teaching material is that students are able to know what secondary
metabolites are and students are able to know what secondary
metabolites contain in the antioxidant compound group.
v
Keywords: Secondary Metabolites, Antioxidants
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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