53 research outputs found
Adopting Generative AI: Challenges and Solutions Through an Organizational Maturity Framework
No full textCet article explore les dynamiques de l’intelligence artificielle générative (IAG) dans le cadre de la transformation organisationnelle, en mettant en lumière les opportunités et les défis de son intégration. L’IAG, capable de générer des contenus autonomes (textes, images, analyses prédictives), redéfinit les processus décisionnels et les méthodes de travail, comme illustré par des applications telles qu’AlphaFold en santé ou MidJourney en marketing. Si des entreprises comme Google, Tesla, et Lockheed Martin intègrent rapidement l’IAG grâce à une culture d’innovation, des investissements massifs (ex. 75 milliards de dollars par Google en 2024), et des infrastructures avancées, d’autres secteurs, comme la santé et l’éducation publique, rencontrent des obstacles liés à des freins réglementaires, des craintes éthiques (ex. biais algorithmiques), et un déficit de compétences. L’article propose une grille de maturité organisationnelle en quatre niveaux (Débutant, Exploratoire, Avancé, Leader) pour évaluer la capacité des organisations à adopter l’IAG, et formule des leviers stratégiques – approche agile, expérimentation, gouvernance éthique – pour une intégration de l’IAG réussie. S’appuyant sur une approche analytique heuristique et un cadre théorique pluridisciplinaire, cette analyse offre un cadre conceptuel et opérationnel pour une adoption durable de l’IAG.This article explores the dynamics of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) within the framework of organizational transformation, shedding light on the opportunities and challenges of its integration. GAI, capable of autonomously generating content (texts, images, predictive analyses), redefines decision-making processes and work methods, as exemplified by applications such as AlphaFold in healthcare and MidJourney in marketing. While companies like Google, Tesla, and Lockheed Martin rapidly adopt GAI, driven by a culture of innovation, substantial investments (e.g., Google’s $75 billion in 2024), and advanced infrastructure, other sectors, such as healthcare and public education, face barriers due to regulatory constraints, ethical concerns (e.g., algorithmic bias), and a lack of skills. The article proposes an organizational maturity framework with four levels (Beginner, Exploratory, Advanced, Leader) to assess organizations’ readiness for GAI integration, and outlines strategic levers – agile approaches, experimentation, and ethical governance – to ensure successful adoption. Grounded in a heuristic analytical approach and a multidisciplinary theoretical framework, this analysis provides a conceptual and operational framework for sustainable GAI adoption
The mechanisms of public service platformization: An analytical grid of endogenous and exogenous properties to assess the digital maturity of administrations
No full textCet article explore la plateformisation des services publics comme un paradigme sociotechnique émergent. Il définit ce phénomène comme un écosystème numérique induisant des transformations organisationnelles profondes dans les administrations publiques mais sans que ces transformations suivent un modèle unique. Leurs dynamiques varient en fonction des propriétés endogènes et exogènes priorisées par chaque organisation. C’est à travers l’interaction entre ces propriétés que nous élucidons les mécanismes sous-jacents à la plateformisation et in fine identifions les propriétés qui confèrent une structure particulière à chaque plateforme. Pour y parvenir, nous adoptons une démarche progressive : interroger les fondements conceptuels de la plateformisation, en la distinguant de la digitalisation générale pour en souligner les synergies organisationnelles ; analyser ses caractéristiques distinctives via une typologie fonctionnelle des plateformes publiques et une identification de leurs propriétés endogènes et exogènes, afin de cerner les dynamiques et niveaux de maturité atteints (de la présence minimale à l\u27intégration transformative) ; illustrer ces dynamiques par des cas tirés des secteurs privé, public étranger et marocain, révélant la diversité des trajectoires organisationnelles et les défis persistants.This article explores the platformization of public services as an emerging sociotechnical paradigm. It defines this phenomenon as a digital ecosystem inducing profound organizational transformations within public administrations, though these transformations do not follow a single model. Their dynamics vary according to the endogenous and exogenous properties prioritized by each organization. It is through the interaction between these properties that we elucidate the underlying mechanisms of platformization and ultimately identify those that confer a particular structure on each platform. To achieve this, we adopt a progressive approach: questioning the conceptual foundations of platformization, distinguishing it from general digitalization to highlight its organizational synergies; analyzing its distinctive characteristics through a functional typology of public platforms and an identification of their endogenous and exogenous properties, in order to discern the dynamics and levels of maturity achieved (from minimal presence to transformative integration); illustrating these dynamics through cases drawn from the private sector, foreign public sector, and Moroccan context, revealing the diversity of organizational trajectories and persistent challenges
Optimal Taxation and Economic Growth in Tunisia: Short and Long Run Analysis
No full textTax policy is among the most common and relevant instruments in the toolkit of policy-makers when thinking about promoting growth, yet there is not compelling evidence regarding its effect in Tunisia. Using a variety of approaches, we measure firstly the optimal tax burden rate using Scully's static model and the quadratic model. For Scully's static model, gross domestic product is the dependent variable. For the quadratic model, growth rate is a dependent variable explained by tax rate in level and in square. Secondly and according to stationary and cointegration test results, we focus on the long-term effects on gross domestic product of the important taxes, namely tax revenue and private receipts. In this second study, we use a basic Scully model and we develop a vector error correction model technique. Our results show that optimal tax burden rate has to be situated between 12.8% and 19.6% of gross domestic product which is widely lower than the current rates. The long-term analysis estimates an optimal rate of 14% of gross domestic product which can participate to increase economic growth, to stabilize the tax evasion and to encourage investment especially after the Tunisian revolution
catena-Poly[heptylenediammonium [[tetrachloridobismuthate(III)]-μ-chlorido]]
No full textThe title organic-inorganic hybrid compound, {(C7H20N2)[BiCl5]}n, consists of distorted corner-joined [BiCl6] octahedra forming zigzag polymeric anionic chains parallel to [001], separated by columns of heptylenediammonium cations. The asymmetric unit contains two crystallographically independent bismuth metal atoms, one of which lies on an inversion centre and the other on a twofold axis. In the crystal, the polymeric chains and cations are linked by N—H...Cl hydrogen bonds, forming undulating layers parallel to (110)
Hexane-1,6-diammonium hexafluorosilicate
No full textThe asymmetric unit of the title organic–inorganic molecular salt, C6H18N22+·SiF62−, consists of one anion and one cation together with half of each of two cations and two anions located on inversion centres. The SiF62− octahedral anions are arranged to form sheets parallel to (011), which are linked into a three-dimensional network by the organic cations through N—H...F hydrogen bonds
Optimal Taxation and Economic Growth in Tunisia: Short and Long Run Cointegration Analysis
No full textTax policy is among the most common and relevant instruments in the toolkit of policy-makers when thinking about promoting growth, yet there is not compelling evidence regarding its effect in Tunisia. Using a variety of approaches, we measure firstly the optimal tax burden rate using Scully’s static model and the quadratic model. For Scully’s static model, gross domestic product is the dependent variable. For the quadratic model, growth rate is a dependent variable explained by tax rate in level and in square including dummy variables. Secondly and according to stationary and cointegration test results, we focus on the long-term effects on gross domestic product of the important taxes, namely tax revenue and private receipts including dummy variable. In this second study, we use a basic Scully model and we develop a vector error correction model technique. Our results show that optimal tax burden rate has to be situated between 12.8% and 19.6% of gross domestic product which is widely lower than the current rates. The long-term analysis estimates an optimal rate of 15.2% of gross domestic product which can participate to increase economic growth, to stabilize the tax evasion and to encourage investment especially after the Tunisian revolution
Optimal Taxation and Economic Growth in Tunisia: Short and Long Run Cointegration Analysis
No full textTax policy is among the most common and relevant instruments in the toolkit of policy-makers when thinking about promoting growth, yet there is not compelling evidence regarding its effect in Tunisia. Using a variety of approaches, we measure firstly the optimal tax burden rate using Scully’s static model and the quadratic model. For Scully’s static model, gross domestic product is the dependent variable. For the quadratic model, growth rate is a dependent variable explained by tax rate in level and in square including dummy variables. Secondly and according to stationary and cointegration test results, we focus on the long-term effects on gross domestic product of the important taxes, namely tax revenue and private receipts including dummy variable. In this second study, we use a basic Scully model and we develop a vector error correction model technique. Our results show that optimal tax burden rate has to be situated between 12.8% and 19.6% of gross domestic product which is widely lower than the current rates. The long-term analysis estimates an optimal rate of 15.2% of gross domestic product which can participate to increase economic growth, to stabilize the tax evasion and to encourage investment especially after the Tunisian revolution
Physicochemical characterization of the unconfined water-table aquifer of the Fez-Meknes basin
No full textThis paper aims to determine the hydrogeochemical characteristics of the Fez-Meknes free water table thought the monitoring of the physicochemical analyses of nine samples during the year of 2013, 2016, and 2019. This water table, which circulates in the plio-quaternary formations, is generally supplied by rainfall infiltration, irrigation water returns and also the lateral inflow of the unconfined liasic water table of the Middle Atlas Tabular. Analyses were performed for electrical conductivity (EC), potential hydrogen (pH), temperature and major elements: Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, HCO3⁻, K+. The results of the projection of the samples on the Piper diagram for the three companies showed a hydrochemical carbonate, calcic and magnesian facies for the majority of the samples with the exception of samples 1161/15 and 352/21 for the year 2013. Then, to understand the origin of the mineralization, as well as the processes related to the dissolution of the carbonate country rock, a principal component analysis (PCA) was performed
Crystal structure of Ba2Co(BO3)2
No full textSingle crystals of dibarium cobalt(II) bis(orthoborate), Ba2Co(BO3)2, have been obtained from the melt. The crystal structure is composed of two isolated (BO3)3− triangles linked to Co2+ cations. The resulting [CoO5] square pyramids and the borate anions make up branched rows extending parallel to [010]. The barium cations occupy two sites in the voids of this arrangement and exhibit coordination numbers of nine each. A comparison with the structures of other A2M(BO3)2 compounds reveals a unique five-coordination of the small metal M in the title compound instead of four- or six-coordination for the other A2M(BO3)2 compounds with M = Cu, Zn, Mg, Ca, or Cd
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