23 research outputs found
The Role of Urban Density and Morphology in the Air Pollution of Tehran Metropolitan
No full textPourmohammadi, M.R. and Gharbani, R. (2003) "Paradigm Dimensions and Strategies for Density of Urban Spaces". Quarterly Journal of Humanities, Vol., No. 29, pp. 85- 107.
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Tabibian, M. (1999). "Determination of Sustainability Indicators and their Representation in the Environment". Journal of Environmental Studies, Vol. 25, No. 24, pp. 12-12.
Azizi, M.M. (2009). The role and place of building density in urban development, Proceedings of the first construction seminar in the capital
Azizi, M.M. (2004). Density in Urban Planning Second Edition, Tehran: Tehran University Press.
Gholizadeh, M.H. and Farajzadeh, M., and Mohammadi, M. (2009), Relationship between air pollution and mortality in the population of Tehran, Hakim Research Journal, Summer 88, Volume 12, Number 2, pp. 65-71.
Mashhadi, S. (2010). Population density and construction in Shohreh., Tehran: Masinaei Publishing.
Farshinehnezhad, M.R. (2004), "Introduction to Environmental Issues," Adineh Publication.
Rafipour, M. (2000), "Final Report on Formation of a Basic Information Item for the Study of Air Pollution in Cities", Research Center for Meteorology and Geosciences.
Hall, P. and Fifer, O. (2009). 21st century urban future. Safai, Venus Tehran: Iranian Consulting Engineers Society.
Kermani, M. (2003) "Investigation of TSP and 10 PM values and composition of their constituent materials in the air of Tehran Shariati Hospital", Master's Degree in Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Research Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
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Dimitriou A, Christidou V. Pupils' understanding of air pollution. Journal of Biological Education. 2007 Winter; 42(1):24-29.
 
Sustainability of underground hydro-technologies: From ancient to modern times and toward the future
No full textAn underground aqueduct is usually a canal built in the subsurface to transfer water from a starting point to a distant location. Systems of underground aqueducts have been applied by ancient civilizations to manage different aspects of water supply. This research reviews underground aqueducts from the prehistoric period to modern times to assess the potential of achieving sustainable development of water distribution in the sectors of agriculture and urban management, and provides valuable insights into various types of ancient underground systems and tunnels. The review illustrates how these old structures are a testament of ancient people’s ability to manage water resources using sustainable tools such as aqueducts, where the functionality works by using, besides gravity, only “natural” engineering tools like inverted siphons. The study sheds new light on human’s capability to collect and use water in the past. In addition, it critically analyzes numerous examples of ancient/historic/pre-industrial underground water supply systems that appear to have remained sustainable up until recent times. The sustainability of several underground structures is examined, correlated to their sound construction and regular maintenance. Moreover, several lessons can be learned from the analysis of ancient hydraulic works, particularly now, as many periodically hydrologic crises have occurred recently, overwhelmingly impacted by climate change and/or over-exploitation and degradation of available water resources.Teachers of Practice /
Establishment of space syntax to read urban road network; the case of Sari, Iran
No full textCities have permanent changes as a living organism, where the transformation required in designing a solution for structural and social demands achieving safe and healthy human contacts. Some scholars divide city sustainable development toward two main views, as the building's set are connected by a space, on the other hand, human social actions are linked by urban network interaction. The aim of this paper is to study on the urban road network by the establishment of space syntax logic, this issue is divided into two main parts, as a first part, the study on already existing and the second part is bringing the new suggestions to a more qualified urban road network. Sari city of Iran is selected for this Case Study.</jats:p
A Look at Georges Lokacs' Ideas on Marxist Criticism
No full textGeorges Lokacs, the great critic and theoretician ofthe Marxist Criticism, with emphasizing the form of literary work,criticized the Trite Marxist which stresses the content of literary work.On the other hand,by emphasizing that the art must originate from life and have human content,he rejected For• malism.He says that art originates from life and reconstrncts it creatively. The intervention of the creative mind of the author in reconstructing the !ife realities refers to this point that,for Lokacs ,Naturalism which reports the mere realities,has a passive response towards life.He also criticized Modernism.According to him,in this kind of novel,the reality is repre• sented piece by piecc,the characters are problematic and separate from the world.For him,the realist novel must be a coherent whole with typical characters whose life and specific problems display their specific and fun• damental problems of humanity.He was the first to talk about "strnctures". Later,Goldman bcnefittcd from them in developing "The Genetic Strnctur• alism".For Lokacs.the relationship between Literature and Society exists not in content but in strucfures.N amely,there is a relationship between the literary work structures and the mental strnctures of a society,which forms the society's Collective Conscience
Interaction of SO2 and SO3 on terthiophene (as a model of polythiophene gas sensor): DFT calculations
No full textGeneralized Misner–Sharp energy in generalized Rastall theory
No full textEmploying the unified first law of thermodynamics and the field equations of the generalized Rastall theory, we get the generalized Misner–Sharp mass of space–times for which gtt = –grr = –f(r). The obtained result differs from those of the Einstein and Rastall theories. Moreover, using the first law of thermodynamics, the obtained generalized Misner–Sharp mass, and the field equations, the entropy of static spherically symmetric horizons are also addressed in the framework of the generalized Rastall theory. In addition, by generalizing the study to a flat Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) universe, the apparent horizon entropy is also calculated. Considering the effects of applying the Newtonian limit to the field equations on the coupling coefficients of the generalized Rastall theory, our study indicates (i) the obtained entropy–area relation is the same as that of the Rastall theory, and (ii) the Bekenstein entropy is recovered when the generalized Rastall theory reduces to the Einstein theory. The validity of the second law of thermodynamics is also investigated in the flat FRW universe.The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the pdf file of the accepted manuscript may differ slightly from what is displayed on the item page. The information in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript reflects the original submission by the author
Sustainable Design of Deconstructable Steel-Concrete Composite Structures
No full textAbstractAs attention is being focused increasingly towards minimising carbon emissions and enhancing the possibly of material recycling in the construction industry, traditional composite systems are recognised as being problematic on several counts. Composite action between the conventional concrete slab and steel beam is provided typically by stud shear connectors welded to the top flange of the steel beam, and the demolition of such members requires a considerable amount of time and energy, as well as being environmentally intrusive and creating much waste. In addition, existing composite systems mostly utilise conventional concrete made from ordinary Portland cement whose production is attributed to a large portion of carbon emissions worldwide. As an alternative, it is proposed that precast concrete slabs be attached to a steel frame with semi-rigid bolted connections using high-strength friction grip bolts as the elements to provide the shear connection. Moreover, the use of geopolymer concrete in the casting of the slabs eliminates the use of ordinary Portland cement entirely. The paper reports tests undertaken on full-scale beams and on full-scale joints in this sustainable and deconstructable system. This study shows that both the joints and beams demonstrate very significant ductility, with large rotations, deformations and interface slips being developed and sustained during the testing
Establishment of Space syntax to read and analyze urban network; the case of study, Famagusta city of Cyprus
No full textArchitects and designers should be familiar with the city developmental process to know about all the city aspects if they are hidden the whole time. This matter shows the importance of studying the urban sections to find out the city critical points. The method is the space syntax in one view which is the consideration of urban network analysis and it would be presented by graphs and maps by a computational description of the selected places. The main target of the space syntax establishment is to study the urban network issue by clarifying the most logical routes in the urban road network. This study has the aim to implement the space syntax as a method to determine urban network problems in order to achieve new suggestions to increase the urban network integration. In this regards, Famagusta city in Cyprus is chosen to study to present the new suggestion
Design of Piezoelectric Tile for Energy Harvesting: Experimental Approach
No full textThe generation of electricity by renewable energies is an important need of today's society. Piezoelectric energy harvesting is one of these useful technologies which can generate electricity by applying external force on piezoelectric material. This study illustrates more power generation from piezoelectric tile by changing the situation of piezo discs and connect to proportional electrical circuit. Two different designs of piezoelectric tile are presented by performing experimental analyses. The experimental results showed that placing piezoelectric elements in a bending position leads to higher power generation in comparison with traditional flat positioning, which was approximately 78 times far superior. It is also revealed that by design of an electrical circuit, the tile can be advantageous for lighting in crowded sidewalks with required lighting time. The results of this paper can be beneficial in the design and fabrication of these tiles for different applications
