1,720,975 research outputs found
A Twenty-Year Dynamical Oceanic Climatology: 1994-2013. Part 2: Velocities, Property Transports, Meteorological Variables, Mixing Coefficients
Get PDFThis is Part 2 of a series of preprints describing a twenty-year dynamical oceanic climatology derived from ECCO version 4, release 3. The associated fields will be made available on the ECCO data server (http://ecco-group.org).The World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) was created to produce the first truly climatologically useful picture of the ocean circulation and its variability. This goal is addressed here from the state estimate of the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) consortium, which uses almost all of the data obtained during WOCE and its aftermath along with the much improved general circulation modeling capabilities. A dynamically and data-consistent, state estimate is available depicting the ocean and its ice-cover over a 24-year time-span, globally, from the sea surface to the sea floor. The resulting time-dependent 20-year long climatology includes temperature, salinity, surface elevation, bottom pressure, sea-ice, and three components of velocity. Accompanying the state estimate are modified estimates of meteorological forcing-fields, ocean interior mixing coefficients, and initial conditions. Much spatial structure persists through the two-decade averaging. Results here are primarily pictorial in nature, intended to give the wider community a sense of what is now available and useful and where more detailed analysis would be fruitful. An extended reference list is included.Supported by NASA's Physical Oceanography and Modeling, Analysis and Prediction programs for the ECCO Consortium at MIT, AER, JPL. We thank all of the people, scientists, engineers, ships’ crews, program managers, who finally made possible the gathering of global ocean data, as well as all those who have worked on the ECCO system and models
A Twenty-Year Dynamical Oceanic Climatology: 1994-2013. Part 1: Active Scalar Fields: Temperature, Salinity, Dynamic Topography, Mixed-Layer Depth, Bottom Pressure.
Get PDFThis preprint describes a twenty-year dynamical oceanic climatology derived from ECCO version 4, release 3. The associated fields will be made available on the ECCO data server (http://ecco-group.org).The World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) was created to produce the first climatologically useful picture of the ocean circulation and its low-frequency variability. This goal is addressed here from the state estimate of the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) consortium, which uses almost all of the data obtained during WOCE and its aftermath along with the much improved general circulation modeling capabilities. A dynamically and data-consistent, time-evolving, state estimate is available depicting the ocean and its ice-cover over a 23-year time-span, globally, from the sea surface to the sea floor. The resulting time-dependent 20-year long climatology includes temperature, salinity, surface elevation, bottom pressure, sea-ice, and three components of velocity. Accompanying the state estimate are modified estimates of meteorological forcing-fields, ocean interior mixing coefficients, and initial conditions. Much spatial structure persists through the two decade averaging. Results here are primarily pictorial in nature, intended to give the wider community a sense of what is now available and useful and where more detailed analysis would be fruitful. An extended reference list is included.Supported by NASA's Physical Oceanography and Modeling, Analysis and Prediction programs for the ECCO Consortium at MIT, AER, JPL. We thank all of the people, scientists, engineers, ships’ crews, program managers, who finally made possible the gathering of global ocean data, as well as all those who have worked on the ECCO system and models
Global General Circulation of the Ocean Estimated by the ECCO-Consortium
Get PDFFollowing on the heels of the World Ocean Circulation
Experiment, the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO)
consortium has been directed at making the best possible estimates of ocean
circulation and its role in climate. ECCO is combining state-of-the-art ocean
general circulation models with the nearly complete global ocean data sets for
1992 to present. Solutions are now available that adequately fit almost all types
of ocean observations and that are, simultaneously, consistent with the model.
These solutions are being applied to understanding ocean variability, biological
cycles, coastal physics, geodesy, and many other areas.National Oceanographic Partnership Program (U.S.)United States. National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNational Science Foundation (U.S.)United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationNational Center for Atmospheric Research (U.S.)San Diego Supercomputer CenterGeophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (U.S.)Jet Propulsion Laboratory (U.S.)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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