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THE COSMIC RAY PROTON, HELIUM AND CNO FLUXES IN THE 100-TEV ENERGY REGION FROM TEV MUONS AND EAS ATMOSPHERIC CHERENKOV LIGHT OBSERVATIONS OF MACRO AND EAS-TOP
No full textThe primary cosmic ray (CR) proton, helium and CNO fluxes in the energy range 80–300 TeV are studied at the National Gran Sasso Laboratories by means of EAS-TOP (Campo Imperatore, 2005 m a.s.l.) and MACRO (deep underground, 3100 m w.e., the surface energy threshold for a muon reaching the detector being Eμth≈1.3 TeV). The measurement is based on: (a) the selection of primaries based on their energy/nucleon (i.e., with energy/nucleon sufficient to produce a muon with energy larger than 1.3 TeV) and the reconstruction of the shower geometry by means of the muons recorded by MACRO in the deep underground laboratories; (b) the detection of the associated atmospheric Cherenkov light (C.l.) signals by means of the C.l. detector of EAS-TOP. The C.l. density at core distance r>100 m is directly related to the total primary energy E0. Proton and helium (“p + He”) and proton, helium and CNO (“p + He + CNO”) primaries are thus selected at E0≃80 TeV, and at E0≃250 TeV, respectively. Their flux is measured: View the MathML source m−2 s−1 sr−1 TeV−1, and View the MathML source m−2 s−1 sr−1 TeV−1, their relative weights being: View the MathML source. By using the measurements of the proton spectrum obtained from the direct experiments and hadron flux data in the atmosphere, we obtain for the relative weights of the three components at 250 TeV: Jp:JHe:JCNO=(0.20±0.08):(0.58±0.19):(0.22±0.17). This corresponds to the dominance of helium over proton primaries at 100–1000 TeV, and a possible non-negligible contribution from CNO.
The lateral distribution of Cherenkov light in Extensive Air Showers (EASs), which is related to the rate of energy deposit of the primary in the atmosphere, is measured for a selected proton and helium primary beam, and good agreement is found when compared with the one calculated with the CORSIKA/QGSJET simulation model
Simultaneous observation of extensive air showers and deep-underground muons at the Gran Sasso Laboratory
No full textStudy of the cosmic ray primary composition at E0 ~ 1000 TeV by EAS-TOP and MACRO at Gran Sasso
No full textAn analysis of the coincident deep underground muon data and of the e.m. component of Extensive Air Showers (EAS) as measured by the MACRO and EAS-TOP experiments at Gran Sasso is presented. Constraints on the primary cosmic ray composition are obtained, with the use of an interaction model that is based on collider data. The possibility of extrapolating the directly measured energy spectra to our energy range is tested
The high energy muon spectrum in extensive air showers: first data from LVD and EAS-TOP at Gran Sasso
No full textIdentification of light and very heavy cosmic ray primaries at E=10 eV from surface and deep underground measurements at Gran Sasso Laboratories
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The high energy muon spectrum in extensive air shovers: first data from LVD and EAS-TOP at Gran Sasso
No full textContributions of the LVD and EAS TOP Collaborations to the xxv ICRC Durban, South Africa July 28-Aug. 10, 1997Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Biblioteca Centrale - P.le Aldo Moro, 7, Rome / CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle RichercheSIGLEITItal
Large TeV and GeV muon multiplicities in eas: separation of P and very heavy primaries at 10"1"5 eV
No full textContributions of the LVD and EAS TOP Collaborations to the xxv ICRC Durban, South Africa July 28-Aug. 10, 1997Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Biblioteca Centrale - P.le Aldo Moro, 7, Rome / CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle RichercheSIGLEITItal
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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