5 research outputs found
Amazonian plants from ethnomedicine to biotechnology through pharmaceutical biology approaches: a PhD experience in connecting forest with laboratory
No full textThe South american Natives, Shuar and Achuar people and their ethnomedical culture constitute the
background subject of the Phd research, performed both in Ecuador (Salesian Politechnic University,
Quito), and in Italy (Pharmaceutical biology labs, University of Ferrara). Based on ethnomedical
responses, Piper aduncum, Maytenus macrocarpa, Schinus molle, Tecoma stans and Eugenia hallii were
chosen as amazonian plant species subject of the research.
AIMS
The research has been focused on:
− checking the presence of endophytic fungi in plants;
− isolating and subculturing pure endophytic strains;
− checking the biotransformation capacity of the isolated endophytes on pure compounds; the most
performing endophytes were also tested on phytocomplexes and pure chemicals obtained by the
plant from which the fungi were isolated;
− phytochemical characterization and bioactivity assays of plant extracts: P. aduncum.
−
METHODS
Biotransformations. Fresh aerial plant parts were properly washed in sanitizing solutions and in vitro
cultured using adequate solid media to isolate endophytes. (+/-)-cis-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-one,
acetophenone, 1-indanone, 2-furyl methyl ketone, 2-methylcyclopentanone, 2-methylcyclohexanone, 2-
methoxycyclohexanone were chosen as substrate model for biotransformations. The cultures were
sampled after 1, 3, 7, 10 days of culturing, and ethyl acetate extracted to verify by GC-MS the presence of
possible biotransformation products. Biotransformations were also checked on P. aduncum whole
essential oil and on dillapiol, cis-ocimene, piperitone, (-)-terpinen-4-ol as most abundant chemicals.
Chemical fingerprinting of P. aduncum essential oil. Steam distillation was adopted to obtain the essential
oil, then characterized by GC-MS, NMR analyses.
In vitro bioassays of P. aduncum essential oil. Antimicrobial activities were checked in vitro using proper
agarized media to reach MIC. Antioxidant capacities were checked through DPPH test, ABTS and
photochemiluminescence assays. Born's turbidimetric method and Writhing test were respectively
adopted to check platelet-aggregation and anti-nociceptive properties. Mutagenic, antimutagenic
properties and toxicity were assayed using classical and modified Ames test.
MAIN RESULTS
364 fungal strains were in vitro isolated. Among all, 5 strains performed biotransformations on
acetophenone to (S)-1-phenylethanol, with important yields (78-97%) and enantiomeric excess (78-
100%). Three strains gave also phenols probably by enzymatic reactions (Baeyer-Villiger oxidations). 15
fungal strains gave the lactones (-)-(1S,5R)-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-3-one and (-)-(1R,5S)-3-
oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-2-one from (+/-)-cis-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-one, probably as result of
monooxygenase activation. Phytochemical characterization of P. aduncum essential oil has evidenced
dillapiol as the most abundant terpene, followed by cis-ocimene, piperitone and terpinen-4-ol. Only cisocimene
and piperitone gave several biotransformation products through dehydrogenation and
hydroxylation reactions. The essential oil has evidenced non-mutagenic properties and interesting
antifungal and antioxidant activities.
CONCLUSIONS
Several endophytic fungal strains from Amazonian plants were isolated and checked for
biotransformations on pure chemicals and on P. aduncum essential oil. Data obtained will be useful for
possible following patents about micro-organisms able to transform pharmaceutically interesting
chemicals. Taxonomical characterization of the most performing fungal strains is still in progress. P.
aduncum essential oil can be considered genotoxically safe and provides interesting antifungal and
antioxidant properties, supporting its ethnomedical use as cicatrising and disinfectant crude drug and
suggesting an extension of its employ as preservative ingredient
Plant Lipases From Latex: Properties And Industrial Applications [lipases De Látex Vegetais: Propriedades E Aplicações Industriais]
No full textBiocatalysts have innumerous advantages with respect to classical chemical processes, such as high specificity. Lipases (EC 3.1.1.3) are biocatalysts with large application in synthesis and hydrolysis reactions of triacylglycerols. The search for new sources of lipases has been intensified in the last years due to the high cost of microbial and animal lipases, wich restricts their use on an industrial scale. Lipases obtained from the latex of Carica papaya, Carica pentagona, Euphorbia characias, E. wulfenii, known for their proteolytic properties, are a good alternative source. In this review, we describe the well-known sources of vegetal lipases extracted from the latex and present some of their industrial applications.2919399Campbell, M.K., (2000) Bioquímica, 3 a Ed., , Artmed Ed. Ltda: Porto AlegreFaber, K., (2000) Biotransformations in Organic Chemistry, 4 th Ed., , Springer - Verlag: New YorkMuderhwa, J., Pina, M., Graille, J., (1988) J. Oléagineux, 43, p. 385Villeneuve, P., Muderhwa, J.M., Graille, J., Hass, M.J., (2000) J. Mol. Catal. B: Enzym., 9, p. 113Gandhi, N.N., (1997) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 74, p. 621Conti, R., Rodrigues, J.A.R., Moran, P.J.S., (2001) Quim. Nova, 24, p. 672Zinni, M.A., Aljinovic, E.M., Iglesias, L.E., Iribarren, A.M., (2004) Quim. Nova, 27, p. 496Castro, H.F., Mendes, A.A., Santos, J.C., Aguiar, C.L., (2004) Quim. Nova, 27, p. 146Carvalho, P.O., Campos, P.R.B., Noffs, M.D'A., Oliveira, J.G., Shimizu, M.T., Silva, D.M., (2003) Quim. Nova, 26, p. 75Koblitz, M.G.B., (2003) Tese de Doutorado, , Universidade Estadual de Campinas, BrasilAntczak, U., Gora, J., Antczak, T., Galas, E., (1991) Enzyme Microb. Technol., 13, p. 589Mukherjee, K.D., Hills, M.J., (1994) Em Lipases - Their Structure, Biochemistry and Application, , Wooley, P.Petersen, S. B., eds.Cambridge University Press, cap. 3Macedo, G.A., Pastore, G.M., (1997) Braz. J. Food Technol., 17, p. 115Macedo, G.A., Pastore, G.M., Rodrigues, M.I., (2004) Process Biochem., 39, p. 687Negishi, S., Shirasawa, S., Arai, Y., Suzuki, J., Mukataka, S., (2003) Enzyme Microb. Technol., 32, p. 66Huang, S.-H., Tsai, S.-W., (2004) J. Mol. Catal. B: Enzym., 28, p. 65Soumanou, M.M., Bomscheuer, U.T., (2003) Enzyme Microb. Technol., 33, p. 97Han, S.-J., Back, J.H., Yoon, M.Y., Shin, P.K., Cheong, C.S., Sung, M.-H., Hong, S.-P., Han, Y.S., (2003) Biochimie, 85, p. 501Maria, P.D., Martinez-Alzamora, F., Moreno, S.P., Valero, F., Rua, M.L., Sánchez-Montero, J.M., Sinisterra, J.V., Alcántara, A.R., (2002) Enzyme Microb. Technol., 31, p. 283Kontkanen, H., Tenkanen, M., Fagerström, R., Reinikainen, T., (2004) J. Biotechnol, 108, p. 51Oliveira, P.C., Alves, G.M., Castro, H.F., (2000) Quim. Nova, 23, p. 632Mukherjee, K.D., (1994) Prog. Lipid Res., 33, p. 165Foglia, T.A., Villeneuve, P., (1997) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 74, p. 1447Boiler, T., (1986) Em Plant Proteolytic Enzymes, 1. , Dalling, M. J., ed., Boca Raton-Flórida: CRC Press Inc., cap. 4Villeneuve, P., (2003) Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 105, p. 308Giordani, R., Moulina, A., Verger, R., (1991) Photochemistry, 30, p. 1069Caro, Y., Villeneuve, P., Pina, M., Reynes, M., Graille, J., (2000) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 77, p. 349Palocci, C., Soro, S., Cernia, E., Fiorillo, F., Belsito, C.M.A., Monacelli, B., Monache, G.D., Pasqua, G., (2003) Plant Sci., 165, p. 577Dhuique-Mayer, C., Caro, Y., Pina, M., Ruales, J., Domier, M., Graille, J., (2001) Biotechnol Lett., 23, p. 1021Villenevue, P., Pina, M., Monet, D., Graille, J., (1995) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 72, p. 753Gandhi, N.N., Mukherjee, K.D., (2001) J. Mol. Catal. B: Enzym., 11, p. 271Caro, Y., Villeneuve, P., Pina, M., Reynes, M., Graille, J., (2000) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 77, p. 891Villeneuve, P., Skarbek, P.A., Pina, M., Graille, J., Foglia, T.A., (1997) Biotechnol. Tech., 11, p. 637Caro, Y., Pina, M., Turon, F., Guilbert, S., Mougeot, E., Fetsch, D.V., Attwool, P., Graille, I., (2002) J. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 77, p. 693Gandhi, N.N., Mukherjee, K.D., (2000) J. Agric. Food Chem., 48, p. 566Gandhi, N.N., Mukherjee, K.D., (2001) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 78, p. 161Murkhejee, K.D., Kiewitt, I., (1996) J. Agric. Food Chem., 44, p. 1948Lee, K.-T., Foglia, T.A., (2000) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 77, p. 1027Xu, X., (2000) Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 105, p. 287Mangos, T.J., Jones, K.C., Foglia, T.A., (1999) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 76, p. 1127Murkhejee, K.D., Kiewitt, I., (1998) Biotechnol. Lett., 20, p. 613César, A.C., Silva, R., Lucarini, A.C., (2000) Rev. Inic. Cient.-Univ. de São Paulo/ Esc. Eng. De. São Carlos, 1, p. 47Caro, Y., Dhuique-Mayer, C., Turon, F., Pina, M., Reynes, M., Graille, J., (2001) Biotechnol. Lett., 23, p. 2035Mukherjee, K., Kiewitt, I., (1998) J. Agric. Food Chem., 46, p. 2427Lynn, K.R., Clevette-Radford, N.A., (1986) Phytochemistry, 25, p. 155
Determinación del estado de transición en la reacción de oxidación del n-heptano con el catalizador(MnAco (C16H14N2O2) mediante la exploración de la superficie de energía potencial 1
No full text55 páginas : gráficasLa funcionalización mediante la oxidación selectiva de los enlaces C-H es un reto para la química moderna. Debido a la naturaleza inerte de dicho enlace, se requiere del uso de agentes oxidantes fuertes conllevando a retos de reactividad y quimioselectividad. Los químicos tratan de imitar oxidaciones selectivas que se logran por procesos biosintéticos enzimáticos, con el uso de catalizadores de compuestos de coordinación.
Mediante el uso de herramientas computacionales se determinó parte del mecanismo de adición oxidativa (con y sin solvente) que se podría presentar en la reacción de oxidación de n-heptano, catalizada con el compuesto de coordinación [MnAcO(C16H14N2O2)]. La reacción fue reportada en el estudio (experimental) publicado por Viasus y colaboradores.Incluye bibliografíaPregradoQuímico(a
Determinación del estado de transición en la reacción de oxidación del n-heptano con el catalizador(MnAco (C16H14N2O2) mediante la exploración de la superficie de energía potencial 1
No full text55 páginas : gráficasLa funcionalización mediante la oxidación selectiva de los enlaces C-H es un reto para la química moderna. Debido a la naturaleza inerte de dicho enlace, se requiere del uso de agentes oxidantes fuertes conllevando a retos de reactividad y quimioselectividad. Los químicos tratan de imitar oxidaciones selectivas que se logran por procesos biosintéticos enzimáticos, con el uso de catalizadores de compuestos de coordinación.
Mediante el uso de herramientas computacionales se determinó parte del mecanismo de adición oxidativa (con y sin solvente) que se podría presentar en la reacción de oxidación de n-heptano, catalizada con el compuesto de coordinación [MnAcO(C16H14N2O2)]. La reacción fue reportada en el estudio (experimental) publicado por Viasus y colaboradores.Incluye bibliografíaPregradoQuímico(a
