1,721,190 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
HER2 as a target for breast cancer therapy
No full textDifferential levels of HER2 expression in normal versus HER2-overexpressing breast carcinomas, together with the demonstration of a key role for HER2 in tumor progression, make HER2 an ideal target for specific therapeutic approaches.
AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW:
This review considers the clinical value of trastuzumab and lapatinib, the two HER2-targeted therapies approved for clinical practice. References were chosen by searching the PubMed and MEDLINE datasets using as search term: 'HER2', in association with 'prognosis', 'response', 'trastuzumab', 'lapatinib' and 'resistance'.
WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN:
This review deals with HER2 as a target for breast carcinoma treatment, focusing on anti-HER2 therapies used in clinical practice, their merits and shortcomings.
TAKE HOME MESSAGE:
The benefit of anti-HER2 therapies demonstrated in clinical trials indicates that HER2 is, to date, one of the most promising molecules for targeted therapy. Nevertheless, since tumor cells utilizing alternative growth signaling pathways through transmembrane receptors as well as intracellular signaling transduction molecules can bypass HER2 blockade, a future ambitious aim is the successful combination of anti-HER2 strategies with drugs directed to molecules that contribute to anti-HER2 resistance
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Matured human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) induce expansion of CD4(+)CD25(+) FOXP3(+) T cells lacking regulatory properties
No full textNaturally occurring CD4(+)CD25(+) T regulatory cells (nTregs) play a key role as suppressors in immune mechanisms that protect against self-destruction. The forkhead box p3 transcription factor (FOXP3) has a central role in the development of nTregs. We show here that co-culture of naïve T cells with flagellin-exposed monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) generates CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) T cells that transiently express FOXP3 together with CD25 but do not suppress proliferation of CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells. Moreover, purified CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) T cells reveal a different proliferation and cytokine production profile from that of nTregs. These data indicate that in the presence of ongoing immune responses a T cell antigenic phenotype superimposable of that of nTregs does not necessarily predict suppressive function and that FOXP3 in humans is not sufficient for development and function of regulatory T cells
FOXP3 expression in tumor cells and implications for cancer progression
No full textFOXP3 is a member of the forkhead/winged-helix family of transcriptional regulators. Defects in the FOXP3 gene cause an X-linked autoimmune/immunodeficiency syndrome in humans and the Scurfy phenotype in mice. FOXP3 acts mainly in regulating the development and function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. Although initially thought to be specific for these cells, FOXP3 expression has recently been described in non-hematopoietic cells, including epithelial cells of multiple lineages and of different tissue origins. Moreover, FOXP3 expression has been detected in tumor cells of both epithelial and non-epithelial tissues. The role of FOXP3 expression by tumor cells remains controversial, with in vitro studies pointing to an onco-suppressive action, whereas studies conducted on human samples associate FOXP3 expression by tumor cells with metastatic spread. Here, we review evidence for the multi-faceted role of FOXP3 in cancer cells
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