27 research outputs found
Estimating vertical mixing in the deep north Aegean Sea using argo data corrected for conductivity sensor drift
No full textSuccessive CTD profiles of an Argo float trapped within a deep (~1250 m) sub-basin of the North Aegean Sea during 2014–2015 enabled identification of deep-water ventilation episodes and inference of a bulk (budget-based) vertical eddy diffusivity during the period that followed these events. Independent effective eddy diffusivity profiles were computed under the assumption that the turbulent exchange of heat, salt and buoyancy through each isobath below 400 m will balance the rate of change of the corresponding variable's content of the water volume within the basin below that depth. The initially estimated thermal, saline and density diffusivity profiles were significantly different from each other. Assuming turbulence was the dominant mixing process between the intermediate and deep water masses led to identification of conductivity sensor drift rate of 4.6 × 10−6 S m−1 day−1. After correcting the sensor's drift, bulk eddy diffusivities Kρ, KS and KT were found to span (2–30) × 10−3 m2 s−1, in close agreement below 400 m depth. These estimates are at least one order of magnitude higher than eddy diffusivities based on a finescale internal-wave strain parameterization. Enhanced boundary mixing and double diffusion are examined as candidates to explain the high effective diffusivity values. A hypsometric correction appears to provide sufficient diapycnal transport along the boundaries to reproduce bulk buoyancy transports
Investigation of the Inherent Variability of the Mediterranean Sea Under Contrasting Extreme Climatic Conditions
No full textThe internal variability of the thermohaline circulation of the Mediterranean Sea is examined under contrasting extreme thermal and mass atmospheric forcing conditions. Three millennium-long numerical simulation experiments were performed under: (a) the current climatology, (b) a strong buoyancy forcing (SBF) scenario due to cold and dry conditions resembling the Younger Dryas event, and (c) a weak buoyancy forcing (WBF) scenario due to S1a sapropel deposition-like conditions (warm and wet). To isolate the inherent variability of the system, independent of interannual atmospheric forcing variability, the latter was defined as a perpetual year pertinent to each experiment. Self-diagnosed heat and salt fluxes, consistent to sea-surface characteristics of the above periods, forced three millenium-long, relaxation-free numerical experiments. These simulations were preceded by initial spin-up periods. The inherent spatiotemporal variability of the Mediterranean Sea was analyzed using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) and spectral analysis on the simulated density fields. Our results revealed that the Mediterranean Sea exhibits high sensitivity to climatic conditions, allowing its circulation to change from anti-estuarine (for the SBF scenario, leading to a buoyancy loss to the atmosphere) to estuarine (for the WBF scenario, corresponding to a buoyancy gain from the atmosphere). In all three experiments, the interannual and decennial variabilities dominate in upper layers, and the decennial variability dominates in the Gibraltar and Sicily Straits. Under current climatic conditions the first two EOF modes express only 60% of the density variability in the deep layers. This contribution exceeds 90% under more extreme conditions. Moreover, the first EOF modes correspond to a basin-wide in-phase variability of the deep layers under the reference and WBF conditions. During SBF conditions the first modes reveal a vertical buoyancy exchange between upper and deeper layers. The second EOF mode of deep waters under both extreme scenarios showed that the western and eastern basins exchange buoyancy in decennial (for the cold/dry) and interdecennial (for the warm/humid) timescales. The residence time of the Eastern Mediterranean deep water was diagnosed to be centennial, semicentennial, and intercentennial for the cases of current period, SBF, and WBF, respectively
Changes in the oceanography of the Mediterranean Sea and their link to climate variability
No full textVariability of the Mediterranena Sea Level and Oceanic circulation and their relation to climate patterns
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Role of aerosols on the Mediterranean solar radiation
No full textThe shortwave radiation constitutes a major driving force for the oceanic thermohaline circulation and must be accurately parameterized. An extensive comparison between the monthly mean solar radiation measured at numerous meteorological stations along the Mediterranean coast and the estimated solar radiation from a widely used bulk formula leads to two important conclusions: first, there is systematic overestimation of the shortwave radiation from the bulk formula at the station sites of about 25 W m-2 (averaged over a 30 year period), and second, there is significant interannual variability in the observed solar radiation that cannot be explained either by the variability in the available data for the cloudiness or by the absorption due to water vapor content in the atmospheric column. As the overestimation occurs during summer cloud-free months, we assume that cloud attenuation is adequately parameterized and the discrepancy between the observations and the estimates comes from the formula for clear-sky insolation. A correction to the clear-sky insolation formula is attempted on the basis of recent satellite data on aerosol optical thickness index. Results from our analysis indicate that aerosols may provide an explanation for both the observed weaker shortwave radiation and its interannual variations. This implies that a different parameterization scheme must be sought for the aerosol attenuation in the shortwave radiation formula
Corrigendum to “A novel method to assess the dilution of complex mixtures in the marine environment: Application to marine scrubber water effluents” [Mar. Pollut. Bull. (2025) 117956]
No full textThe authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. We realized that the “Funding” section in the published version of the paper is incomplete. Accordingly, we would like to add the following “Funding” section to the paper. This work has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under Grant Agreement No 874990 (“Evaluation, control and Mitigation of the EnviRonmental impacts of shippinG Emissions” - EMERGE project). This work reflects only the authors' view and CINEA is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. One author (L.C.) was partially funded by the “ Interconnected Nord-Est Innovation Ecosystem (iNEST)” project and received funding from the European Union Next-GenerationEU - National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP) – MISSION 4 COMPONENT 2, INVESTIMENT N. ECS00000043 – CUP N. H43C22000540006. This manuscript reflects only the authors' views and opinions, neither the European Union nor the European Commission can be considered responsible for them. This work took place within the framework of the DoE 2023–2027 (MUR, AIS.DIP.ECCELLENZA2023_27.FF project)
Temporal changes in the Red Sea circulation and associated water masses
No full textLong-term variability of the Red Sea deep water (RSDW) properties was investigated using hydrographic data stretching back to the beginning of the 19th century. The analysis of the potential temperature and salinity indicate that there is a signal of cooling and freshening trends between 1950 to 2011 in the RSDW by an average of 35.5 x10-4 ± 5.6x10-4 oC yr-1 and 13.8x10-4 ± 2.8x10-4 psu yr-1 respectively. Both trends of cooling and freshening are statistically significant with a confidence level of more than 95%. These cooling and freshening trends are consistent with the net heat loss trend in the three source regions for the deep water formation of the Red Sea by an average of -1.12 ± 0.49 Wm-2, -1.75 ± 0.49 Wm-2 and -1.58 ± 0.47 Wm-2 for the northern part of the Red Sea and the Gulfs of Suez and Aqaba respectively. The results suggest that the potential temperature and salinity seem to have decreased between 1950 and 2011 by as much as 0.12 oC and 0.13 psu respectively. These changes observed in the potential temperature and salinity in the RSDW are consistent throughout the Red Sea basin (subdivided into 2o grids) for the last three decades (1977-2011).An inverse box model of the Red Sea is constructed using two hydrographic sections in the southern basin during August 2001 from research vessel (R/V) Maurice Ewing to provide quantification of the summer field fluxes (volume, heat and salt). The results show that the volume transport of the Red Sea outflow water (RSOW) to the Indian Ocean through the Strait of Bab el Mandeb is 0.11 ± 0.06 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3 s-1). There is a heat loss by advection with a magnitude of 23.5 ± 5.7 W m-2 during a summer month (August) that fits well with the previous estimate by Patzert (1974b) with magnitude of 21.81 W m-2 and with magnitude of -22 Wm-2 based on data from i ii Sofianos et al. (2002). There is a salt loss by advection with a magnitude of 0.98 x109 kg s-1 this estimate is supported by the analysis of Tragou et al. (1999) which gives a magnitude of 0.8 x109 kg s-1
Gênero e consumo no romance Madame Bovary
No full textO trabalho tem como objetivo refletir sobre a relação gênero e consumo a partir do romance Madame Bovary, que retrata a história de Emma Bovary, uma moça bem educada, criada no campo para ser a esposa ideal nos moldes da sociedade francesa do século XIX. Diferente da maioria das mulheres daquela época, que não estudaram, Emma cresceu lendo romances que despertaram nela a ilusão de uma vida diferente da qual ela se deparou depois de se casar. Frustrada e infeliz, ela buscou no adultério e no consumo uma fuga da vida medíocre que levava. Contudo, suas transgressões não ficaram impunes e ela viu seus sonhos amorosos e consumistas serem destruídos pela realidade. Emma sucumbe ao suicídio, visto como a única saída para a sua difícil situação. Madame Bovary faz uma crítica à sociedade burguesa - que aprisiona a mulher em papéis e identidades, a oprime, a inferioriza e a subordina à dominação masculina -, bem como à sociedade de consumo, estabelecida após a revolução industrial, que lhe tragou a noção de realidade, instigando-a a um consumo impossível de ser sustentado pelo sua condição e classe
