1,720,969 research outputs found
Changes in protein conformation and sulphydryl content in soft and hard wheat flours during mixing
No full textProtein chemical interaction in wheat flour and dough has been a recent subject of research by cereal chemists. This is with the view of possibly understanding the chemical processes and modulating them to deliver desired product attributes. In this study, thiol content and protein secondary structural changes were studied during dough development in two varieties (Branson and TW301020) using 5,5’-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) assay and FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. Samples were analyzed at dough development time (DDT), middle of stability (MS), stability departure (SD), and time to break down (TBD). Branson had increased -turns (40 – 48%) and random structures (12 – 14%) with corresponding decrease in α-helix (10 – 8%) and β-sheet structures (38 – 30%) during the mixing period. In TW301020, there were decreases in turns (38 – 34%) and α-helix (11 – 9%) from DDT to TBD and a corresponding increase in random structures (14 – 20%) during mixing, though -sheets stayed essentially the same. Branson therefore exhibited higher level of hydrophobic interactions than TW301020. This is amplified by the very comparable accessible thiols in the two flours (0.373 μmol/g and 0.37μmol/g at SD) but higher total thiols in the Branson (1.06 μmol/g at SD) than TW301020 (0.95 μmol/g at SD) although they show very similar trend along the dough development points
Relationship between kernel hardness and gluten proteins characteristics
No full textThis study aimed at investigating gluten structural characteristics in dough from wheat cultivars with various kernel hardness. Flours from Branson, Emmit, and TW301020 cvs. (7, 24, and 69 SKCS, respectively) were analyzed for mixing properties, gluten aggregation kinetics, protein aggregates formation, thiols accessibility and protein conformation. Farinograph profiles were related to the kernel texture, with soft wheats (Branson and Emmit) having lower water absorption, development time, and stability than hard wheat (TW301020). Unlike the farinograph profile, Branson and Emmit exhibited different gluten aggregation kinetics, with Branson having longer aggregation time and higher aggregation energy, suggesting a stronger gluten network than Emmit. Protein structural characteristics highlighted that proteins in dough from Branson and TW301020 were more compact (low SDS-accessible thiols, low exposure of hydrophobic sites on the protein surface) and ordered (low levels in random coils) than in dough from Emmit. In addition, high levels of ß-turns in Emmit dough may account for the fast gluten aggregation kinetics, compared to Branson. Interestingly, Branson resulted in bread with a higher specific volume than Emmit (3.6 and 2.9 ml/g, respectively), with TW301020 having the highest value (5.0 ml/g). In conclusion, wheat samples showing similar mixing profile may have different protein interactions during mixing which will affect product performance. Not all soft wheat would form a weak dough; the ability of flour to produce a dough characterized by a compact protein network is independent of the kernel texture but it is rather related to the nature of inter-protein interactions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
