1,721,175 research outputs found
Le minoranze linguistiche: una storia attraverso i termini
No full textLe etichette usate per indicare le minoranze linguistiche non sono termini neutri, ma hanno ciascuna un preciso contenuto culturale che reca l'impronta degli atteggiamenti e degli intenti di chi le usa.
Dopo aver ricostruito il processo storico che ha condotto, in un contesto di politica internazionale, alla elaborazione dei concetti di minoranza nazionale, etnica e poi linguistica, verranno passate in rassegna le diverse denominazioni che si sono succedute nel tempo per designare il costrutto: muovendo da espressioni ottocentesche e novecentesche come isola linguistica, colonia e oasi, che evocano una situazione di isolamento ed estraneità, sì giungerà a tempi più recenti in cui coesistono da una parte espressione di taglio populista (lingue minacciate, lingue tagliate e simili) e dall'altra un nucleo di tecnicismi, elaborati nell'ambito delle istituzioni comunitarie europee (lingue meno diffuse, lingue meno usate, lingue e culture regionali, lingue regionali e minoritarie), accomunati dall'esigenza di trovare una denominazione neutra che rimuova ogni possibile implicazione conflittuale. Di ogni scelta terminologica si rileveranno i limiti e le eventuali ambiguità.
A conclusione verrà sostenuta la necessità di ridefinire la categoria di minoranza su basi non genealogiche ma sociolinguistiche e interlinguistiche
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Nutrigenomica: le nuove tendenze = Nutrigenomics: the new evidences
No full textLa Nutrigenomica esplora la relazione tra nutrienti e genoma. I nutrienti vengono visti come segnali che possono intervenire nell’espressione genica silenziando o attivando la trascrizione di alcuni geni; ciò comporta una variazione nella espressione delle relative proteine con conseguenti alterazioni metaboliche.
Di particolare interesse sono alcuni principi nutrizionali, soprattutto di origine vegetale, capaci di modulare l’attività di fattori di trascrizione nucleare come, ad esempio, l’attivazione del fattore Nrf-2 e/o la inibizione del fattore NF-kB.
L’attivazione del fattore Nrf-2 comporta la induzione della sintesi di numerose proteine enzimatiche antiossidanti e di numerose proteine coinvolte nella detossificazione epatica.
L’attivazione del fattore NF-kB, per contro, promuove l’induzione di numerose proteine infiammatorie, la proliferazione cellulare e la inibizione della apoptosi con un effetto complessivo carcinogenetico.
Il bio-attivo alimentare, andando a modulare a monte la trascrizione di parecchi geni potrebbe, così, mettere in moto, all’unisono, il complesso degli enzimi della barriera antiossidante (con un segnale antiossidante amplificato) e/o evocare una risposta antinfiammatoria importante.
Particolare attenzione meritano gli isotiocianati delle brassicaceae per il loro effetto positivo a livello cardiovascolare, a livello del profilo lipidico e nel diabete di tipo 2. Interessante è anche il loro potenziale effetto chemiopreventivo. Intrigante è la recente teoria secondo la quale gli isiotiocianati esplicherebbero le loro molteplici attività benefiche tramite la liberazione di H2S capace di modulare i fattori di trascrizione nucleare Nfr-2 e NF-kB ed anche la proteina deacetilante SIRT1.
Gli alimenti nutrigenomici acquisiscono, così, un ruolo importante nella prevenzione primaria, confermando come una alimentazione ottimale possa condurre ad un invecchiamento di successo.Nutrigenomics explores the relationship between nutrients and genome. Nutrients may act in gene expression by silencing or activating gene transcription, which in turn produces a variation in protein synthesis, with consequent metabolic alterations.
Some nutritional factors are of particular interest, especially vegetable origin compounds, that are able to modulate activity of transcriptional nuclear factors such as Nuclear respiratory factor-2 (Nrf-2) and Nuclear Factor K B (NF-kB).
Nrf-2 activation induces the synthesis of several enzymatic antioxidant proteins and of many other proteins involved in hepatic detoxification. On the other hand, NF-kB activation promotes inflammatory proteins secretion, cellular proliferation and apoptosis inhibition with an overall carcinogenetic effect.
Alimentary bioactive compounds, by modulating upstream gene transcription, could activate the complex of enzymes of the antioxidant barrier (with amplified antioxidant signal) and/or evoke important anti-inflammatory response.
Particular attention needs to be paid the isothiocyanates derived by cruciferae for their beneficial effects on cardiovascular level, in the lipid profile and in type 2 diabetes, as well as for their potential chemopreventive effect.
A recent theory holds that isothiocyanates would perform their beneficial activities by releasing H2S which in turn is able to modulate nuclear transcriptional factors Nrf-2 and NF-kB as well as the deacetylating protein Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1).
Thus, nutrigenomics food acquire an important role in primary prevention, confirming that optimal alimentation could lead to a successful ageing
Water column microdepressometry : verification of the reliability of results with active anterior rhinomanometry
No full textA cholesterol and sucrose rich diet promotes lipoprotein peroxidation and impairs insulin sensitivity in rats
No full textThe effects of a diet rich in cholesterol and sucrose on lipoprotein peroxidation and insulin sensitivity were studied in rats. The protective role of fish oil dietary supplementation, both alone and associated with antioxidants, was also investigated. Four groups of 6 male rats were treated for 4 weeks with a standard diet, rich in cholesterol and sucrose (atherogenic diet), atherogenic diet plus fish oil and atherogenic diet plus fish oil enriched in polycosanols, terpenes and antioxidants. Atherogenic diet induced a significant increase in plasma concentration of cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids and atherogenic index; moreover, it significantly enhanced the susceptibility of lipoproteins to peroxidation and the resistance to insulin. Dietary integration with fish oil limited the development of the above risk factors, the association with polycosanols, terpenes and antioxidants being more efficacious than fish oil alone
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
