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The effects of networks of practice, identity, and organizational proximity in knowledge flows between professional groups
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Interdipendenze tra partecipazione a reti di pratiche, identità professionale e identificazione organizzativa ed effetti sugli scambi di conoscenza tra gruppi professionali
No full textKnowledge Transfer between Groups: Involvement in Networks of Practice and Operational Proximity
No full textThis paper aims at investigating the process of knowledge transfer and generation between professional groups in terms of opportunities of contact with networks of practice and operational proximity through an ethnography conducted in a hospital unit. Communities and networks of practice as tools for knowledge management have caught growing attention in organizational studies, leading to a view of organizations as ‘communities of communities of practice’ and crossroads of networks of practice. However, on one hand boundary relations between different communities and networks have not been deeply explored so far; on the other hand empirical evidence is still largely lacking, since knowledge remains a construct difficult to operationalize. The grounded theory presented supports the idea that sharing practices through day-by-day joint activities is the main vehicle for transferring knowledge between professional groups, thus bridging the gap between networks of practice characterized by different values and repertoires, whereas intense relations with networks of practice play a key role in injecting new knowledge into the organization. Positive implications of knowledge transfer and combination between professional groups are empirically shown. Finally this paper brings new insights on the role of information systems in knowledge flows and provides management with hints on how to promote knowledge diffusion in organizations
Interdipendenze tra partecipazione a reti di pratiche, identità professionale e identificazione organizzativa ed effetti sugli scambi di conoscenza tra gruppi professionali
No full textThis paper advances the perspective that the individuals' willingness to perform extra role behaviors directed at coworkers, like knowledge sharing, is simultaneously influenced by individuals’ strength of organizational identification and by their evaluation of the strength of identification of the potential recipients of such behaviors. Through an ethnography in a hospital unit where four professional groups operate jointly, we show how highly identified actors appraise the level of identification of the members of different professional groups on the basis of the observations of the extra-role behaviors that colleagues enact. Only when highly identified individuals perceive congruence between the level of identification expected and displayed by colleagues are they motivated to devote time and effort to share knowledge with these latter. Moreover, our findings show that knowledge transfer between different professional groups can be interpreted as an unexplored type of organizational citizenship behavior. In fact, knowledge transfer implies the unrequired sharing of operational practices specific to a professional group with members of different professionals groups, which enables these latter to perform, in their turn, extra role behaviors to benefit the organization.
More generally, our study suggests extensions to the model of organizational identification and to the framework for exploring the relationship between organizational identification and organizational citizenship behaviours
The role of networks of practice, value sharing, and operational proximity in knowledge flows between professional groups
No full textThis article investigates the process of knowledge sharing between individuals in different professional groups. Through an ethnographic study in a hospital unit, we examine the individuals' involvement in networks of practice, their sharing of organizational values, and their operational proximity. Recent attention to networks of practice has led to a view of organizations as crossroads of networks; accordingly, boundary relations between different networks of practice are of core relevance to ensure knowledge diffusion in organizations, but empirical evidence is still lacking. Our grounded theory supports the idea that working side-by-side and having common organizational values are important bases for knowledge transfer between professional groups which belong to different networks of practice. Boundary knowledge transfer evokes new kinds of organizational citizenship behaviours. Professionals who initiate the transfer exhibit extra-role behaviours which, in turn, require the recipient to perform extra-role behaviours as well. Implications of knowledge sharing between professional groups are discussed together with recommendations for managerial action
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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