1,720,969 research outputs found
EU conducts of business rules and the liberalisation ethos : the challenging case of investment research
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Credit rating agencies: The development of global standards
No full textThe global financial crisis exposed some of the regulatory and market failures of a more and more globalized financial system and led to farreaching discussions about a broad range of academic and policy issues on the regulation of financial services. While the causes of the financial crisis remain controversial, one factor clearly deserves our attention: The lack of substantive principles and ‘hard law’ in the international financial architecture and its accompanying regulatory apparatus, particularly regarding cross-border financial institutions, such as credit rating agencies (hereafter ‘CRAs’). CRAs are major players in today’s financial markets, with ratings having a direct impact on the actions of investors, borrowers, issuers, and governments. The ‘Big Three’ global CRAs - the US-based Standard and Poor’s and Moody's, and the dual-headquartered (in New York and London) Fitch Ratings - have been under intense scrutiny. They were initially criticized for their favorable pre-crisis ratings of insolvent financial institutions like Lehman Brothers, as well as risky mortgage-related securities that contributed to the collapse of the US housing market. Since the spring of 2010, CRAs have focused on US and European sovereign debt. That resulted in Standard and Poor’s unprecedented downgrade of the US’ long-held triple-A rating in August 2010. Greece, Portugal, and Ireland have all been downgraded to ‘junk’ status. As the current Eurozone crisis highlights, a sovereign downgrading can have vast implications not only in the financial markets, but also for the respective state itself.However, financial multi-polarity and re-regulation make global regulatory consolidation and full harmonization from a top-down approach in the CRAs industry an even more distant prospect than was the case before the crisis. It would be easier to harmonize when one country or one bloc dominates than when many diverging voices need to concur for a decision to be made; the latter being a condition more conducive to global regulatory fragmentation than the achievement of global standards
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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