1,721,022 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
An osteological revisitation of autopsies : comparing anthropological findings on exhumed skeletons to their respective autopsy reports in seven cases
No full textForensic anthropologists and pathologists are more and more requested to answer questions on bone trauma. However limitations still exist concerning the proper interpretation of bone fractures and bone lesions in general. Access to known skeletal populations which derive from cadavers (victims of violent deaths) who underwent autopsy and whose autopsy reports are available are obvious sources of information on what happens to bone trauma when subjected to taphonomic variables, such as burial, decomposition, postmortem chemical and mechanical insults; such skeletal collections are still however quite rare. This study presents the results of the comparative analysis between the autopsy findings on seven cadavers (six of which victims of blunt, sharp or gunshot wounds) and those of the anthropological assessment performed 20 years later on the exhumed dry bones (part of the Milano skeletal collection). The investigation allowed us to verify how perimortem sharp, blunt and gunshot lesions appear after a long inhumation period, whether they are still recognizable, and how many lesions are no longer detectable or were not detectable at all compared to the autopsy report. It also underlines the importance of creating skeletal collections with known information on cause of death and trauma
The Difficult Task of Diagnosing Prostate Cancer Metastases on Dry Bone
No full textThe interpretation of pathology on skeletal remains is mandatory for implementing the biological profile and for disease recognition. Prostate cancer is one of the most common tumors, with a high preference for the skeleton as a primary site of metastasis. Its diagnosis on bone is however still ambiguous, due to its "osteoblastic" and resorptive manifestation. This study investigates distribution and appearance of prostate cancer metastases on dry bone on six known cases (selected from the Milano Cemetery Skeletal Collection) and one healthy individual. A macroscopic inspection was performed highlighting the abnormalities observed, describing location, shape, dimension, and aspect. A great amount of proliferative and mixed lesions was noticed, but also cases of pure lytic lesions were displayed. The multiple appearances of the manifestations observed display the difficulty in correctly identifying such a pathology, but also the potential and advantages provided by investigating a study sample with known antemortem history
The difficult task of diagnosing prostate cancer metastases on dry bone
No full textThe correct interpretation of pathology on skeletal remains is mandatory both for personal identification and at times for cause of death. However, because of the lack of skeletal collections with known pathologies, tools for interpreting pathology on dry bone are still missing. Prostate cancer is one of the most common tumors in old men, with a preference for the skeleton as primary site of metastasis, and therefore a possible frequent finding in skeletal remains. Its diagnosis on bone is however still ambiguous. This type of cancer has always been addressed as “osteoblastic”. Although recent data demonstrate that skeletal metastases have an extensive resorptive component, osteolytic lesions are rare findings.
The present work intends to investigate and review the distribution and appearance of prostate cancer metastases on a series of known cases, in order to identify useful information for the diagnosis of metastases on dry bone. The study consists in the anthropological/pathological analysis conducted on 6 skeletons of subjects affected by prostate cancer in life (selected from the Milan Cemetery Skeletal Collection according to the known cause of death), and on 1 control case (healthy individual). A macroscopic inspection of each bone has been performed highlighting the abnormalities on each bone, and describing the location, shape, dimension, and aspect of both the cortical and spongy portion, all recorded on a specific form. Also episcopic and radiographic investigations have been conducted.
The analysis showed that not in all cases prostate cancer involved the skeleton, although skeletal metastases were expected as related to the cause of death. Furthermore, while a great amount of proliferative lesions (more than 100) were observed in 4 cases, pure lytic lesions (more than 10) were displayed in the other 2 cases. The osteoblastic metastases were clear enough for a correct pathological diagnosis, but the osteolytic ones were more difficult to interpret, mostly for the easy confusion with other osteolytic tumors. Among all the lesions observed, a moderate percentage (25%, mainly proliferative) did not display features specific enough for assessing them as metastases. Such cases are precisely those that need deeper analyses for identifying the parameters necessary for recognizing them as prostate cancer metastases. In this perspective, supporting analyses, such as microscopy and radiology, provide a fundamental instrument in reducing the uncertainties
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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