99 research outputs found
GOLD (2017): что и почему изменилось в глобальной стратегии лечения хронической обструктивной болезни легких
Get PDFIn 1997, the International Expert group on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has come to decision to initiate the Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD). The first GOLD report was published in 2001 and provided the basis for many national programs for COPD diagnosis and management. Research data accumulated in the next decade allowed to perform complete revision of global strategy in 2011 (updated 2013), considering personalized approach to prognosis and treatment selection in an individual patient. At the end of2016, anew comprehensive reassessment of GOLD report was released. The ABCD assessment tool has been refined; the role of spirometry in COPD management has been updated. Regular assessment of inhaler technique to improve the disease control has been emphasized. New data on therapy with long-acting β2-agonists/long acting anticholinergic combinations and «triple therapy» have been added. Classification of severity of COPD exacerbations was provided and impact of concomitant diseases was stressed. The section on pulmonary rehabilitation has been amplified.В1997 г. Международной группой экспертов в области хронической обструктивной болезни легких (ХОБЛ) принято соглашение о необходимости создания Глобальной инициативы по ХОБЛ (GOLD). Первый доклад рабочей группы GOLD, ставший основой для создания в ряде стран национальных программ диагностики и лечения ХОБЛ, опубликован в2001 г. С учетом данных, накопленных за прошедшее десятилетие, в 2011–2013 гг. проведен пересмотр глобальной стратегии, в котором при оценке прогноза и выборе терапии ХОБЛ предусмотрен персонализированный подход. В конце2016 г. опубликован очередной крупный пересмотр доклада GOLD. Изменена схема категоризации пациентов ABCD, а степень ограничения воздушного потока по спирометрической классификации GOLD исключена из алгоритма выбора медикаментозной терапии. Подчеркнуто влияние правильной техники ингаляции на контроль над симптомами ХОБЛ и важность ее регулярной оценки. Добавлены новые данные по использованию комбинаций длительно действующих β2-агонистов и длительно действующих антихолинергических препаратов, а также тройной терапии. Приведена классификация обострений ХОБЛ по степени тяжести, отмечено влияние сопутствующих заболеваний на течение обострения. Расширен раздел, относящийся к пульмонологической реабилитации
ПЕРСОНАЛИЗИРОВАННЫЙ ПОДХОД, ДОКАЗАТЕЛЬСТВА, ПРАКТИКА (ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ XXVI НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО КОНГРЕССА ПО БОЛЕЗНЯМ ОРГАНОВ ДЫХАНИЯ)
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Страны БРИКС на водохозяйственной карте мира
Get PDFFrolova T. S., Koronkevich N. I., Barabanova E. A., Zajtseva I. S. Anthropogenic impact on river flow and water quality in the BRICS countriesБРИКС – одно из наиболее авторитетных современных международных объединений группы стран – Бразилии, России, Индии, Китая, ЮАР. На эти страны приходится 29% суши земного шара и 42 % мирового населения. Экономический успех стран во многом определяется состоянием их водных ресурсов, водного хозяйства. В статье показано положение стран БРИКС по водообеспеченности и характеру использования водных ресурсов на основании гидрологических и водохозяйственных характеристик
Post-Brexit Scottish Independence Perspectives
Get PDFThe article attempts to identify the socio-political root causes of the recent intensifcation of the Scottish nationalist movement and the patterns determining the high potential of Scottish independence discourse in the formation of internal social confrontation in Scotland and the UK. The paper additionally focuses on formulating the key socio-political manifestations and "anti-elite" patterns of the Scottish nationalistic idea. To achieve that, the key features of Scottish nationalism and the demands made by the separatist forces on the eve of the 2014 referendum are outlined followed by the assessment of the impact of Brexit on the state and the intensity of the separatist movement in Scotland as well as the results of recent Holyrood elections. Finally, the relevance of the article stems from the complex evaluation of the probability of a new referendum on Scottish independence provided by the author, formulating such predictions based on the study of the current socio-political and economic context existing in Scotland and the amalgam of factors elucidated in the paper
International legal and domestic countering doping in sport: abstract of the dissertation for the degree of candidate of science in law: specialty 12.00.10 - International law; European law
No full textSeroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Saint Petersburg, Russia: a population-based study
No full textBackground Estimates from initial SARS-CoV-2 serological surveys were likely to be biased due to convenience sampling whereas large-scale population-based serosurveys could be biased due to non-response. This study aims to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Saint Petersburg, Russia accounting for non-response bias. Methods We recruited a random sample of adults residing in St. Petersburg with random digit dialling. Computer-assisted telephone interview was followed by an invitation for an antibody test with randomized rewards for participation. Blood samples collected between May 27, 2020 and June 26, 2020 were assessed for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using two tests — CMIA and ELISA. The seroprevalence estimates were corrected for non-response bias, test sensitivity, and specificity. Individual characteristics associated with seropositivity were assessed. Findings 66,250 individuals were contacted, 6,440 adults agreed to be interviewed and were invited to participate in the serosurvey. Blood samples were obtained from 1038 participants. Naive seroprevalence corrected for test characteristics was 9.0% [95% CI 7.2–10.8] by CMIA and 10.8% [8.8–12.7] by ELISA. Correction for non-response bias decreased seroprevalence estimates to 7.4% [5.7–9.2] for CMIA and to 9.3% [7.4–11.2] for ELISA. The most pronounced decrease in non-response bias-corrected seroprevalence was attributed to the history of any illnesses in the past 3 months and COVID-19 testing. Besides that seroconversion was negatively associated with smoking status, self-reported history of allergies and changes in hand-washing habits. Interpretation These results suggest that even low estimates of seroprevalence in Europe’s fourth-largest city can be an overestimation in the presence of non-response bias. Serosurvey design should attempt to identify characteristics that are associated both with participation and seropositivity. Further population-based studies are required to explain the lower seroprevalence in smokers and participant reporting allergies. Funding Polymetal International pl
Методы обучения с подкреплением в задачах управления механическими системами
Get PDFБарабанова Александра Сергеевна
Методы обучения с подкреплением в задачах управления механическими системами
Математика и механика
Кафедра теоретической кибернетики
Кандидат физико-математических наук М.С.Ананьевский
Целью данной работы является изучение методов машинного обучения с подкреплением для задач управления механической системой на примере робота-велосипедиста.
Результат данной работы: Изучена литература по рассматриваемому вопросу и сделано заключение о необходимости развития работы на прикладной уровень, для облегчения построения алгоритма управления по параметрам объекта без глубокого анализа теоремы. Реализована программа моделирования движения робота-велосипедиста без обучения. Реализована программа моделирования движения робота-велосипедиста с обучением, написана программа позволяющая вычислять оценку ε^2 β. Сделаны выводы о сложности применения этой теории и получены замечания для специалистов в смежных областях.
Работа основана на статье В. А Якубовича «Адаптивные системы с многошаговыми целевыми условиями». Статья является довольно старой по написанию и структуре, поэтому при ее разборе возникает большое количество вопросов и затруднений. Поэтому было решено разобрать данную статью и написать прикладную часть, чтобы человеку, который хочет применить данный алгоритм, не пришлось сталкиваться свыше обозначенными проблемами.
Количество использованных источников: 13
Библиографическое описание ВКР:
1. Стюарт Рассел, Питер Норвиг(2017) Искусственный интеллект, Вильямс, 2
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5. Марк Лутц, «Программирование на Python»
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Methods of learning with reinforcement in the control problems of mechanical systems
mathematics and mechanics
Department of Theoretical Cybernetics
Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences MSAnanyevsky
The goal of this paper is to study machine learning methods with reinforcement for the tasks of controlling a mechanical system using the example of a robot cyclist.
The result of this work: The literature on the issue under study was studied and a conclusion was made on the need to develop work at the application level to facilitate the construction of the control algorithm for the object parameters without a deep analysis of the theorem. Implemented a program for modeling the movement of a robot cyclist without training. A program for simulating the movement of a robot cyclist with training has been implemented, a program has been written that allows to calculate the estimate ε ^ 2 β. Conclusions about the complexity of the application of this theory were made and comments were received for specialists in related fields.
The work is based on the article by V. A Yakubovich “Adaptive systems with multi-step target conditions”. The article is quite old in terms of writing and structure, so when it is analyzed a large number of questions and difficulties arise. Therefore, it was decided to disassemble this article and write the application part so that the person who wants to apply this algorithm would not have to face any more than the indicated problems.
Number of used sources: 13
Bibliographic description:
1. Stuart Russell, Peter Norvig (2017) Artificial Intelligence, Williams, 2
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BLOCKCHAIN: BALANCE OF ANONYMITY AND SECURITY
Get PDFThe purpose of the article is to summarize the problems of the relationship between anonymity and security when using blockchain technologies. The issue addressed in the article is to determine the conditions for the fundamental achievability of sustainable and secure use of the blockchain. Its inconsistency is shown: confidentiality and anonymity create security potential, protecting the user from identity theft and fraud. But the transparency of transactions allows data leakage about the identity of an anonymous user to create threats to the owner of the wallet. The opinions of experts on the possibility of ensuring security while maintaining the anonymity of users are presented, and data on the most common crimes against property associated with the use of blockchain are presented. Blockchain security is also considered in the context of the impact of its use on the environment, and impact statistics are presented. The directions of legal regulation that ensure a balance between anonymity and security are outlined. Results: directions for economic and legal support for the use of blockchain in the areas of sustainable development (in the field of ecology, social interaction, public administration) have been proposed
Effect of the Sintering Temperature on the Formation of Ferroelectric Properties of a Lead Zirconate–Titanate Ceramic
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