1,720,967 research outputs found
Patterns of spatio-temporal change in Alpine ibex (Capra ibex ibex, L.) distribution in Gran Paradiso National Park
Full text linkIbex is the symbolic species of mountain ungulates and currently it is classified at Least Concern by IUCN. In the last few decades there was a drastic decrease in population abundance linked with a reduction of stable occupied territories. Causes are still not completely clear but drastic decline is in partly due to recent climate changes. The objectives of this study are to analyse the ibex distribution changes in Gran Paradiso National Park (GPNP) in 1985-2014 period, the type of relation between pattern of distribution and population trend and finally the evidence of most used ibex ‘s territories in GPNP. To understand distribution patterns ibex census data are been analysed using metrics belonging to landscape ecology, an approach based on the notion that environmental patterns influence ecological processes. In particular 5 metrics are been used to assess the composition and spatial configuration of occupied areas, while distribution statistics provided a statistical summaries of obtained results. Results showed a reduction of ibex occupied territories from 4587.50 ha in 1985 to 2437.50 ha in 2014 and fragmentation of ibex occupied territories with a strong increase in number of occupied patches from 130 units to 229 units. We suggest that likely ibex distribution was influenced by different combined factors (landscape change, climate change, anthropic activities), which have to be still examined in depth. Landscape ecology approach may become an useful tool to understand the degree of fragmentation and connectivity of landscape defined on species distribution. The understanding of processes behind Alpine ungulates distribution have to consider the influence of landscape patterns on environmental processes to improve the conservation efforts at management level
Preliminary study on Alpine ibex (Capra ibex ibex, L.) and livestock distribution in Gran Paradiso National Park
Full text linkIn the last decades there was a drastic decrease in Gran Paradiso National Park ibex population linked
with a reduction of stable occupied territories. Causes are still not completely clear but drastic decline is in
partly related to recent climate changes. The objectives of this work are: (1) understand ibex distribution
in GPNP in 1985-2009 period and describe livestock distribution in the same area in 2000-2009; (2) assess
relation between distribution pattern and ibex population trend in 2000-2009. To understand distribution
patterns 5 landscape ecology metrics are been selected to assess the composition and spatial configuration
of occupied areas. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to test composition and configuration
metric trends and their relation with ibex population size. Results showed a reduction of ibex occupied
territories from 4,587.50 hectares in 1985 to 2,331.25 ha in 2009 (r
=-0,818; P<0,001). Number of patches
increased from 130 to 224 units (r
s
s
=0,784; P<0,001). Livestock distribution didn’t show a particular trend
(r
s
2
S), ammonia (NH
3
), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO
4
types of floating covers were tested: light expanded clay aggregate (leca), peat, sunflower oil, sawdust, straw,
and plastic film. The manure was stored at 5, 15, and 25 °C for 37 d. Gaseous emissions were measured from
headspaces of dynamic chambers. The results of our study showed that both the covering and temperature
have a noticeable impact on gas emission from pig liquid manure. The plastic film cover was the most
efficient at all temperatures tested, because it reduced the emissions of all measured gases. In this instance,
average emission reductions were: CH
4
91.5% (P<0.01), NO 92.0% (P<0.05), H
2
≈0 or P>0,05). The relation between changes in ibex population trend and distribution patterns was not
proven (all P>0,005). These results suggest that probably ibex distribution was influenced by different
combined factors (landscape changes, climate change, anthropic activities) and they show how landscape
ecology approach may become an useful tool to understand the degree of fragmentation and connectivity
of landscape defined on species distribution. In conclusion, the understanding of processes behind Alpine
ungulates distribution have to consider the influence of landscape patterns on environmental processes to
improve the conservation efforts at management level
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Il ritorno del lupo nelle Alpi Piemontesi: monitoraggio, ricerca e problematiche gestionali
No full textAppropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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