4 research outputs found
The Potency of Halim Perdanakusuma Airport Development as Commercial Airport
No full textNowadays, Halim Perdanakusuma Airport plays a role in facilitating commercial and military flight activities. In the commercial flight segment, the role of Halim Perdanakusuma airport is expected to reduce the load of Soekarno-Hatta International Airport in serving the ever increasing flight volume. As part of this concern, this article analyzes the potency of Halim Perdanakusuma Aiport to respond the growing demand of commercial flight based on land side and air side development potential factors. The potency of development from land side is based on the space availability to meet the standard of passenger service facilities, whereas the air side is based on the airport runway capacity in accommodating the number of aircraft take-off and landing activities according to their types as well as loading capacities. The need for airport development is based on the standard of space needs for each passenger during the peak time. Analysis result shows that the most critical constraint is coming from land sidedue to space limitation for the development of various facilities required to fulfil the service standard, which available only for up to 2,750,369 total passengers per year. Meanwhile, there is no significant constraint for airport development from the air side point of view
Analysis of Deixis in The Short Story “The Garden of Paradise”: Pragmatics Study
No full textThe study aims to investigate the various forms of deixis and their roles within the short story "The Garden of Paradise." Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the author employs Cresswell's (2013) theoretical framework. The data analysis is based on pragmatic theories by Griffiths (2006) and deixis theories by Yule (1996), Cruse (2000), Bouk (2016), and Levinson (1983). The findings reveal: (1) A total of 202 instances of deixis in the short story, categorized into five types, including 89 (44%) instances of person deixis, 31 (15,34%) of spatial deixis, 37 (18,31%) of time deixis, 35 (17,32%) of discourse deixis, and 10 (5,03%) of social deixis. (2) Each type of deixis has distinct functions: person deixis clarifies the roles of participants in speech acts, spatial deixis indicates the relative locations of speakers and listeners, time deixis specifies when the speech occurs, discourse deixis relates to elements within the speech act discourse, and social deixis highlights aspects of the social relationship between speakers and listeners
TINJAUAN HUKUM TERHADAP PERJANJIAN YANG DILARANG DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 5 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG LARANGAN PRAKTEK MONOPOLI DAN PERSAINGAN USAHA TIDAK SEHAT DALAM MENCIPTAKAN PERSAINGAN USAHA YANG SEHAT & TIDAK MONOPOLISTIK THE CONSIDERATION OF LAW ABOUT AGREEMENT WHICH TO PROHIBIT IN ACT NUMBER 5 YEAR 1999 ABOUT PROHIBITION MONOPOLY ACTIVITY AND FAIR TRADE COMPETITION TO CREATING FAIR TRADE COMPETITION AND NO MONOPOLISTIC
No full textUndang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 Tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan
Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat sebagaimana amanah Pasal 33 Undang-Undang Dasar
Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 dengan tujuan menjaga kepentingan umum dan
mewujudkan iklim usaha yang kondusif serta mencegah praktik monopoli dan atau
persaingan usaha tidak sehat yang di timbulkan oleh pelaku usaha sehingga terciptanya
efektivitas dan efisiensi dalam kegiatan usaha. Keterlibatan pelaku usaha dalam
rangkaian kegiatan perdagangan telah melahirkan suatu perjanjian yang tunduk pada
prinsip-prinsip perjanjian, namun tidak semua perjanjian memberikan dampak positif
justru akan menimbulkan monopoli dan mematikan persaingan sehingga mengatur
perjanjian di dalam Undang-Undang Antimonopoli. Untuk itu dilakukan penelitian
terkait dengan “Tinjauan Hukum Terhadap Perjanjian Yang Dilarang Menurut
Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 Tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli Dan
Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat Dalam Menciptakan Persaingan Usaha Yang Sehat dan
Tidak Monopolistik”.
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan memahami prinsip-prinsip
perjanjian dalam hubungan hukum antar pelaku usaha di bidang ekonomi, implikasi
hukum terhadap pelarangan perjanjian dalam kegiatan ekonomi (persaingan Usaha)
sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 4 sampai dengan Pasal 16 Undang-Undang No.5 Tahun
1999 dan untuk menemukan konsep dan pemikiran yang terkait dengan pengembangan
persaingan usaha yang sehat dan tidak monopolistik melalui kebijakan dan peraturan
perundang-undangan khususnya yang terkait dengan aspek perjanjiannya. Penelitian ini
menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual, pendekatan
undang-undang dan pendekatan komparatif. Sumber bahan hukum yang digunakan
yaitu sumber bahan primer dan sekunder dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi
kepustakaan dan studi peraturan perundang-undangan.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pertama prinsip-prinsip perjanjian
dalam hubungan hukum antar pelaku usaha di bidang ekonomi itu dilandasi Kitab
Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata. Prinsip-prinsip perjanjian tersebut sebagai
fundamental pelaksanaan perjanjian berdasarkan pada Pasal 1338 KUHPerdata,
meliputi Prinsip Kebebasan berkontrak, Prinsip Konsensualisme, Prinsip Pacta Sunt
Servanda dan Prinsip Itikad Baik. Pada dasarnya prinsip-prinsip tersebut harus ditaati
x
dan memiliki akibat hukum meskipun dalam perkembangan ekonomi lahir suatu
kontrak baku akan tetapi harus tetap tunduk pada ketentuan KUHPerdata. Kedua,
Implikasi hukum terhadap pelarangan perjanjian dalam kegiatan ekonomi (persaingan
Usaha) sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 4 sampai dengan Pasal 16 Undang-Undang
No.5 Tahun 1999; hukum perjanjian dalam KUHPerdata telah memberikan kebebasan
pada setiap subyek hukum untuk melakukan perjanjian yakni Pasal 1338 KUHPerdata
pada prinsip kebebasan berkontrak tetapi tidak semata-mata subyek hukum dengan
keleluasaanya bebas menentukan isi perjanjian sebab Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata telah
memberi larangan jika perjanjian berakibat pada pelanggaran undang-undang dan
ketertiban masyarakat. Maka hal ini juga berlaku pada perjanjian yang dilakukan oleh
pelaku usaha yang mengakibatkan praktek monopoli. Terdapat pengecualian dalam
Undang-Undang Antimonopoli penulis mengambil contoh pada Pasal 50 (b) yang
memberikan pengecualian terhadap usaha waralaba dan HAKI, yang notabene bisa
berakibat monopoli. Dan yang ketiga dan terakhir pengembangan persaingan usaha
yang sehat dan tidak monopolistik melalui kebijakan & peraturan perundang-undangan;
Pada pengembangan persaingan usaha dalam penelitian ini menggunakan perbandingan
pengaturan perjanjian yang dilarang antara Indonesia dengan Australia, pada dasarnya
secara garis besar objek yang diatur adalah sama namun terdapat perbedaan yang
terletak pada sistemalisasi terhadap substansi dari pengaturan kartel dan penetapan
harga jual kembali. Jadi pengembangan pengaturan antimonopoli hendaknya disusun
secara sistematis dan jelas sehingga akan lebih terstruktur memahami semua unsurunsur
yang
telah
dijabarkan.....Law Number 5 Year 1999 concerning Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and
Unfair Business Competition, as the mandate of Article 33 of the Constitution of the
Republic of Indonesia Year 1945 with the purpose of safeguarding the public interest
and achieve a conducive business climate and prevent monopolistic practices and or
unfair business competition that caused by businesses that create effectiveness and
efficiency in business activities. The involvement of business actors in a series of
trading activity has spawned an agreement which is subject to the principles of the
agreement, but not all agreements have a positive impact will only lead to monopolies
and deadly rivalry that set up an appointment in the Antimonopoly Act. For that
conducted studies related to "Against the Law Review Agreements Prohibited By Law
Number 5 Year 1999 concerning Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair
Business Competition in Creating a Healthy and Not monopolistic".
The purpose of this study to know and understand the principles of contract law
in the relationship among business actors in the economic, legal implications of the
prohibition of agreements in economic activity (business competition) as stipulated in
Article 4 to Article 16 of Law Number 5 of 1999 and to find concepts and ideas related
to the development of healthy competition and not monopoly through policy and
legislation, especially in relation to aspects of the deal. This study uses a conceptual
approach to normative juridical approach law and comparative approach. Sources of
legal materials used are primary and secondary source material with data collection
techniques through the study of literature and the study of laws and regulations.
The results of this study indicate that the first principles of contract law in the
relationship among business actors in the economy was based on the book of the Law of
Civil Law. The principles of the treaty as a fundamental implementation of the
agreement based on Article 1338 Civil Code, include freedom of contract principle,
Principle Konsensualisme, Pacta Sunt Servanda Principles and Good Faith Principle.
Basically, these principles must be adhered to and has the effect of law in economic
development despite the birth of a standard contract but must remain subject to the
provisions of the Civil Code. Second, the legal implications of the prohibition of
agreements in economic activity (business competition) as stipulated in Article 4 to
Article 16 of Law 5 of 1999, the law of treaties in the Civil Code has exempted subject
to any legal proceedings to which Article 1338 Civil Code deal on the principle of
freedom of contract but not solely subject to the law are free to determine the content of
the agreement keleluasaanya because Article 1320 Civil Code has given the ban if the
agreement results in violation of the law and public order. So this also applies to the
agreement made by the businesses that monopoly practice. There are exceptions in the
Antimonopoly Act author takes a sample of Section 50 (b), which provides an exception
to the franchise and intellectual property rights, which in fact can result in a monopoly.
And the third and final development of healthy competition and not monopoly through
policy and legislation; On the development of competition in this study using a
comparative setting banned agreement between Indonesia and Australia, basically the
outline of the object is the same set but There sistemalisasi difference lies in the
substance of the cartel arrangements and resale price fixing. So the development of
antitrust regulation should be systematically arranged and clearly structured so that it
would be to understand all the elements that have been described
Переносимость детьми химиотерапии туберкулеза
No full textThe article presents the review of 61 publications. The topic is highly relevant due to the fact that clinical trials of drugs and chemotherapy regimens usually enroll adults, while children participate only in a small number of them. Often in clinical practice, anti-tuberculosis drugs are prescribed to children off-label. The frequency of adverse reactions in children varies widely depending on approaches to their reporting. The most severe and frequent adverse events are associated with liver injury. In recent years, clinical trials of fluoroquinolones, bedaquiline, and delamanid were run in pediatric patients with drug resistant tuberculosis demonstrating satisfactory tolerability and safety of these drugs.В обзоре приводятся данные из 61 источника литературы. Актуальность темы определяется тем, что клинические испытания препаратов и схем химиотерапии обычно проводятся с участием взрослых, лишь небольшое число проведено на детском контингенте. Назначение противотуберкулезных препаратов у детей в клинической практике часто производится не по инструкции (off-label). Частота нежелательных реакций на препараты у детей колеблется в широких пределах в зависимости от подходов к их регистрации. Наиболее тяжелые и частые нежелательные явления связаны с поражением печени. В последние годы c участием педиатрических больных лекарственно-устойчивым туберкулезом прошли испытания фторхинолонов, бедаквилина, деламанида, показавшие их удовлетворительную переносимость и безопасность
