1,720,997 research outputs found
Anxiety and the regulation of complex problem situations: Playing it safe?
Full text linkAccording to Schönpflug, an ecologically valid model of behavioral regulation should contain antecedent, focal, and consequential problem variables while allowing for a classification of primary versus auxiliary actions. To study individual differences in dynamic problem solving, the task simulation RISK is introduced. Within this task, highly anxious subjects were expected to demonstrate a greater safety expertise because of a hypothesized tendency to focus on risks and modify them. The results, however, indicated a preference for a more narrow focus: Highly anxious subjects directed their regulatory efforts primarily to focal and consequential problem variables. Yet, in RISK, this was a safe and also successful strategy
Psychology curricula for non-psychologists? A framework recommended by the European Federation of Psychologists' Associations' Board of Educational Affairs
No full textThis paper argues that teaching psychology for non-psychologists influences psychology’s public image and the basis of collaboration between psychologists and non-psychologists. Therefore, designing psychology curricula for non-psychology students and professionals is an important task of psychology departments that deserves attention. For guiding the design process, we propose considering five criteria. Curricula for non-psychologists should be (a) specific to the profession of the target group, (b) specific to the needs and (c) work processes of the target group and (d) limited to the professional field of the target group. Although psychology curricula for non-psychology students need to be limited regarding its breadth, they should (e) maintain the depth and multi-perspectivity required for understanding psychological phenomena. Discussing these criteria should help raise awareness for the
role of teaching psychology to students of academic disciplines and professions other than psychology
Worry, thoughts, and images: A new conceptualization
Full text linkThe present chapter addresses the relations between worry, thoughts, and images. It is organized into three parts. Part 1 outlines T. D. Borkovec’s avoidance theory of worry, namely that worry reduces aversive imagery. Part 2 considers two mechanisms by which worry may reduce imagery, namely limitation of processing resources and verbal abstraction. Moreover, as there is little evidence for the first, but some evidence for the latter, Part 2 presents a new conceptual model of the relations between worry, thoughts, and images. Part 3 presents a brief outline beyond anxiety research on how avoidance theory and the verbal abstraction hypothesis may relate to the phenomenon of ruminative coping with depression
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Test anxiety, working memory, and cognitive performance: Supportive effects of sequential demands
Full text linkSubstantial evidence suggests that test anxiety is associated with poor performance in complex tasks. Based on the differentiation of coordinative and sequential demands on working memory (Mayr & Kliegl, 1993), two studies examined the effects of sequential demands on the relationship between test anxiety and cognitive performance. Both studies found that high sequential demands had beneficial effects on the speed and accuracy of the performance of test-anxious participants. It is suggested that the more frequent memory updates associated with high sequential demands may represent external processing aids that compensate for the restricted memory capacity of individuals with high test anxiet
Generative mental processes and cognitive resources: Integrative research on adaptation and control
No full textThis volume presents contributions of European and North American researchers sharing an interest in generative forms of thinking and in deployable mental resources. The special emphasis of this book is highlighting the close links that exist between apparently heterogeneous psychological domains such as basis research on memory and reasoning strategies, social cognition studies on knowledge activation and use, and research on cognitive processes in aging, depression, and anxiety. These integrative chapters not only deal with many intriguing topics concerning generative mental processes and their situational and individual constraints but also inform the reader about a variety of modern methodological instruments (to mention just a few - multinomial modelling, dual task paradigm, priming procedures, and time-accuracy functions). The book is directed to advanced students and to active researchers in many psychological disciplines (cognitive, social, and clinical) who will appreciate this sourcebook for a deeper understanding of how higher order mental strategies may serve adaptive functions
WANN NÜTZT EIN HANDBUCH ? EINE HANDLUNGSORIENTIERTE, EMPIRISCHE ANALYSE UND IHRE ERGEBNISSE
No full textEs wird eine empirische Untersuchung dargestellt, in der rekonstruiert wurde, wie Benutzer eines Textkommunikationssystems Bedienungsprobleme mit Hilfe des Benutzerhandbuchs lösen.
Die Untersuchungsmethode geht von der Zerlegung möglicher Arbeitsaufgaben in Teilaufgaben aus, deren Erledigung durch Teilhandlungen geschieht. Diese sind Analyseeinheit der Untersuchung und werden als Beschreibungseinheit für die Bedienungsanleitung vorgeschlagen. Typische Handlungsverläufe nach der Benutzung des Handbuchs werden anhand von Wahrscheinlichkeitsgraphen dargestellt. Es werden praktische Konsequenzen für die Gestaltung einer Bedienungsanleitung vorgeschlagen
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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