1,721,080 research outputs found
Limitation and challenges in using pancreatic cancer‐derived organoids as a preclinical tool
Full text linkPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a dismaldisease with a fast evolution and unpredictable treatmentresponse. Nowadays, FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine are the preferred treatments with a response rateof 33% and 11%, respectively. This poor patient responsehas been associated with an inefficient/non-personalizedtreatment allocation. Consequently, developing a rapidand efficient preclinical tool to test tumor drug sensitivityfor each patient is hugely needed. Biopsy patient-derivedorganoid (PDO) appears to be a promising tool for devel-oping individualized treatments for patients with PDAC.Several PDO-based platforms are in development world-wide as a guide to optimize therapy by directing tailored treatments.Fil: Fraunhoffer Navarro, Nicolas Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; Argentina. Aix-Marseille University; FranciaFil: Abuelafia, Analía Meilerman. Aix-Marseille University; FranciaFil: Dusetti, Nelson. Aix-Marseille University; FranciaFil: Iovanna, Juan Lucio. Aix-Marseille University; Franci
Omics deciphering of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma heterogeneity : from bench to bedside
No full textL'hétérogénéité de l'adénocarcinome canalaire pancréatique (ADCP) est l'obstacle majeur au traitement efficace des patients. En effet, les caractéristiques cliniques et la sensibilité aux traitements sont associés à un phénotype donné et sont plutôt régis à un niveau transcriptomique. Nous avons donc analysé le transcriptome de xénogreffes provenant des patients (Patients Derived Xenografts : PDX) lors des biopsies de tumeurs ou de pièces chirurgicales. Après extraction d’ARN, nous avons trouvé une signature moléculaire capable de diviser les patients en deux groupes, en fonction de leur survie. Nous avons également montré que la réponse autraitement pouvait être prédite par l‘analyse transcriptomique. Nous avons ensuite analysé les tumeurs et leurs stromas, et mis en évidence deux soustypesde stromas et deux sous-types de tumeurs, définis par la transcriptomique basée sur l'ARN, ou la méthylation de l'ADN. Nous avons étudié la réponse aux traitements administrés seuls ou en combinaison avec des chimiothérapies de routine. Nous avons mis en évidence des sous-groupes de patients plus chimiosensibles à certains traitements. Tous ces résultats sont encourageants,mais pas encore applicables en pratique clinique. Nous développons maintenant les organoïdes, véritable représentation de la tumeur en 3dimensions. Contrairement aux PDX, les organoïdes nous permettent d'obtenir des résultats rapidement exploitables. Nous pensons que dans un avenir proche, le traitement des cancers du pancréas sera précédé d'une caractérisation moléculaire étendue afin de sélectionner les traitements les plus appropriés et de pouvoir enfin proposer une médecine personnalisée.Heterogeneity of Pancreatic Ductal AdenoCarcinoma (PDAC) has become the majorimpediment to the effective treatment of patients. Clinical outcome and sensitivity to treatments are associated with a given phenotype and associated at a transcriptomic level. Recent data indicate that studying the expressionof a selected gene set could inform selection of the most appropriate treatments.We areoptimizing this approach by analysing transcriptome of Patient-Derived Xenografts (PDX)from surgical as well as endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA)biopsies of tumors, as a source of RNA. We have found a molecularsignature capable of dividing patients into two groups, function of theirsurvival.Independently, we have shown that treatment response pattern can also be foundat a transcriptomic level. We thenanalysed tumors and their stromas, and have found two sub-types of stromas and two sub-types of tumors. These wereindinstinctly defined by RNAseq-based transcriptomics, or DNA methylation. We also studied response to treatments administered alone or incombination to routine chemotherapies. All these results are encouraging, but not yetapplicable in clinical pratice. We are now developing the PDAC Biopsy DerivedPancreatic Cancer Organoids (BDPCO): BDPCO culture represents an excellent source of “exvivo” material. Unlike PDX, which take many months to grow, BDPCO allow us to obtainexploitable material rapidly useful for clinical application. We are convinced that in the near future, the treatment ofpancreatic cancers will be preceded by an extensive molecular characterization of cancercells in order to select the most appropriate treatments
Caractérisation du rôle de TP53INP1 dans la carcinogenèse pancréatique
No full textTP53INP1 est un gène suppresseur de tumeur qui est inactivé dans les lésions pré-tumorales pancréatiques. Il est impliqué dans la régulation de la mort cellulaire notamment via l'activation de la voie p53. Cette thèse a pour objectif de mieux caractériser le mécanisme d'action de TP53INP1 afin de mieux comprendre son rôle suppresseur de tumeur dans le cancer pancréatique. Nous avons montré dans un premier temps que TP53INP1 est associé à une diminution de la migration cellulaire via l'inhibition de l'expression du gène SPARC. Dans un second temps, nous avons montré que la protéine TP53INP1 est impliquée dans l'autophagie, où elle interagit avec les protéines de la famille LC3/Atg8 au sein des autophagosomes, et favorise la mort cellulaire de manière dépendante de l'autophagie. Enfin, nous avons mis en évidence que TP53INP1 est régulée par le contexte de stress cellulaire via des modifications post-traductionnelles. En effet, nous avons montré que la SUMOylation de TP53INP1 est nécessaire à l'activation de la réponse au stress oxydatif de p53. Ces travaux ont donc permis de mieux caractériser le rôle de suppresseur de tumeur de TP53INP1 et son mécanisme de régulation.TP53INP1 is a tumor suppressor gene which is inactivated in early pancreatic lesions. It is involved in regulation of cell death through the activation of the p53 pathway. The aim of this work is to better characterize the molecular mechanism of action of TP53INP1 in order to better understand its tumor suppressor role. Firstly, we have shown that TP53INP1 expression is associated with a decreased cell migration through the down-regulation of SPARC. Secondly, we have demonstrated that TP53INP1 is involved in autophagy, through its direct interaction with LC3/Atg8 family proteins into the autophagosomes, and induces autophagy-dependent cell death. Then, we have shown that TP53INP1 is regulated by cellular context, through its post-translational modifications. Indeed, the SUMOylation of TP53INP1 is required to activate the p53 oxidative stress response pathway. All these findings allow a better understanding of the tumor suppressor role of TP53INP1 and of its regulation mechanism
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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