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LES STRATÉGIES DES PETITES ENTREPRISES DANS LES INDUSTRIES EN CRISE : Une étude des caves particulières de la région vitivinicole du Languedoc-Roussillon
No full text" Here, wine growers hide themselves to die... " said the president of the Agricultural Chamber of Languedoc-Roussillon. This research work focuses on the strategic choices and competitive behaviors of (very) small firms investigated in the crisis situation of Languedoc-Roussillon wine industry in France. First we should state that very few existing research attempt to identify the strategies applied by small firms in a crisis context characterized as times of resources scarcity and a major downward shift in performance trends. Therefore, our theoretical background focuses on identifying related works concerning strategies used in declining and deregulated sectors, in hypercompetition or during difficult economic times. Our study will try to answer some of the following questions, all related to a specific crisis context: What are the strategic behaviors of small firms and how to explain different levels of performance? What significant links exist between small firms' strategic choices and global performance? What are the determinants - and especially managerial determinants - of strategic success and failure? To conduct this research, we first applied an exploratory qualitative approach in order to refine our research proposals that emerged from the theoretical background. Then we formulated our research hypotheses in order to test them with SPSS software using a quantitative approach. We used primary data collected through a questionnaire survey about the strategic behaviors adopted by 160 small wine producers in the region. Our descriptive results indicate that rather than using cost leadership strategies, small firms attempt to grow through niche and differentiation strategies. Moreover our results show that information search and market prospection are good practices to perform better in a crisis context. Those practices are reinforced by the managing director through both its reactivity and search for independence. Therefore, these results underline the impact of the managing director on the small firm's performance, particularly through his/her capacity to understand new forms of competitive pressure and his/her will to search for independence, especially financial independence, in a crisis context." Ici, les viticulteurs se cachent pour mourir... " témoigne en 2011 le président de la chambre régionale d'agriculture du Languedoc-Roussillon. Notre travail de thèse s'intéresse aux choix stratégiques et aux comportements concurrentiels des (très) petites entreprises dans le contexte d'une industrie vitivinicole en crise de la région Languedoc-Roussillon. Nous avons alors constaté qu'il existe très peu de travaux de recherche sur l'identification des stratégies suivies par les petites entreprises dans des industries en crise. Dans notre cadre conceptuel, nous nous attacherons donc à identifier des travaux proches concernant les stratégies dans les secteurs en déclin ou en dérégulation, dans l'hypercompétition ou encore dans divers contextes économiquement difficiles. Plus précisément, notre recherche tentera d'apporter des éléments de réponse face aux interrogations toutes en lien avec un contexte de crise caractérisé par une raréfaction des ressources et une baisse importante des performances. Quels sont les comportements adoptés par les petites entreprises et comment expliquer les différents niveaux de performance observés au sein d'un seul et même contexte de crise ? Des liens existent-ils entre les choix stratégiques des petites entreprises et leurs performances économiques ? Quels sont les déterminants, notamment managériaux, des succès et des échecs de ces stratégies ? Pour conduire cette recherche, nous avons procédé à une phase qualitative exploratoire afin d'affiner nos propositions de recherche issues de la littérature. Nous avons alors formulé des hypothèses de recherche que nous avons testées avec SPSS lors d'une phase quantitative et à partir de questionnaires interrogeant, sur la période 2000 à 2007, les comportements adoptés par 160 caves particulières de la région. Concernant nos résultats descriptifs, ils montrent que les petites entreprises cherchent leur salut dans des stratégies de spécialisation et de différenciation plutôt que dans des stratégies de coûts bas. Nos résultats mettent aussi en évidence que la recherche d'informations et la prospection sont des pratiques qui améliorent la performance de la petite entreprise en contexte de crise. Ces pratiques sont elles-mêmes renforcées par la réactivité et la recherche d'indépendance du dirigeant. Par là-même, nos résultats soulignent l'impact du dirigeant sur la performance de la petite entreprise, plus particulièrement à travers sa capacité à comprendre les nouvelles formes de pression concurrentielle ou encore du fait de sa propension à rechercher une forme d'indépendance, notamment financière, en contexte de crise
LES STRATÉGIES DES PETITES ENTREPRISES DANS LES INDUSTRIES EN CRISE : Une étude des caves particulières de la région vitivinicole du Languedoc-Roussillon
No full text" Here, wine growers hide themselves to die... " said the president of the Agricultural Chamber of Languedoc-Roussillon. This research work focuses on the strategic choices and competitive behaviors of (very) small firms investigated in the crisis situation of Languedoc-Roussillon wine industry in France. First we should state that very few existing research attempt to identify the strategies applied by small firms in a crisis context characterized as times of resources scarcity and a major downward shift in performance trends. Therefore, our theoretical background focuses on identifying related works concerning strategies used in declining and deregulated sectors, in hypercompetition or during difficult economic times. Our study will try to answer some of the following questions, all related to a specific crisis context: What are the strategic behaviors of small firms and how to explain different levels of performance? What significant links exist between small firms' strategic choices and global performance? What are the determinants - and especially managerial determinants - of strategic success and failure? To conduct this research, we first applied an exploratory qualitative approach in order to refine our research proposals that emerged from the theoretical background. Then we formulated our research hypotheses in order to test them with SPSS software using a quantitative approach. We used primary data collected through a questionnaire survey about the strategic behaviors adopted by 160 small wine producers in the region. Our descriptive results indicate that rather than using cost leadership strategies, small firms attempt to grow through niche and differentiation strategies. Moreover our results show that information search and market prospection are good practices to perform better in a crisis context. Those practices are reinforced by the managing director through both its reactivity and search for independence. Therefore, these results underline the impact of the managing director on the small firm's performance, particularly through his/her capacity to understand new forms of competitive pressure and his/her will to search for independence, especially financial independence, in a crisis context." Ici, les viticulteurs se cachent pour mourir... " témoigne en 2011 le président de la chambre régionale d'agriculture du Languedoc-Roussillon. Notre travail de thèse s'intéresse aux choix stratégiques et aux comportements concurrentiels des (très) petites entreprises dans le contexte d'une industrie vitivinicole en crise de la région Languedoc-Roussillon. Nous avons alors constaté qu'il existe très peu de travaux de recherche sur l'identification des stratégies suivies par les petites entreprises dans des industries en crise. Dans notre cadre conceptuel, nous nous attacherons donc à identifier des travaux proches concernant les stratégies dans les secteurs en déclin ou en dérégulation, dans l'hypercompétition ou encore dans divers contextes économiquement difficiles. Plus précisément, notre recherche tentera d'apporter des éléments de réponse face aux interrogations toutes en lien avec un contexte de crise caractérisé par une raréfaction des ressources et une baisse importante des performances. Quels sont les comportements adoptés par les petites entreprises et comment expliquer les différents niveaux de performance observés au sein d'un seul et même contexte de crise ? Des liens existent-ils entre les choix stratégiques des petites entreprises et leurs performances économiques ? Quels sont les déterminants, notamment managériaux, des succès et des échecs de ces stratégies ? Pour conduire cette recherche, nous avons procédé à une phase qualitative exploratoire afin d'affiner nos propositions de recherche issues de la littérature. Nous avons alors formulé des hypothèses de recherche que nous avons testées avec SPSS lors d'une phase quantitative et à partir de questionnaires interrogeant, sur la période 2000 à 2007, les comportements adoptés par 160 caves particulières de la région. Concernant nos résultats descriptifs, ils montrent que les petites entreprises cherchent leur salut dans des stratégies de spécialisation et de différenciation plutôt que dans des stratégies de coûts bas. Nos résultats mettent aussi en évidence que la recherche d'informations et la prospection sont des pratiques qui améliorent la performance de la petite entreprise en contexte de crise. Ces pratiques sont elles-mêmes renforcées par la réactivité et la recherche d'indépendance du dirigeant. Par là-même, nos résultats soulignent l'impact du dirigeant sur la performance de la petite entreprise, plus particulièrement à travers sa capacité à comprendre les nouvelles formes de pression concurrentielle ou encore du fait de sa propension à rechercher une forme d'indépendance, notamment financière, en contexte de crise
Small firms' strategies in crisis industries : the case of small wine producers in the Languedoc-Roussillon region in France
No full text"Ici, les viticulteurs se cachent pour mourir..." témoigne en 2011 le président de la chambre régionale d'agriculture du Languedoc-Roussillon. Notre travail de thèse s'intéresse aux choix stratégiques et aux comportements concurrentiels des (très) petites entreprises dans le contexte d'une industrie vitivinicole en crise de la région Languedoc-Roussillon. Nous avons alors constaté qu'il existe très peu de travaux de recherche sur l'identification des stratégies suivies par les petites entreprises dans des industries en crise. Dans notre cadre théorique, nous nous attacherons donc à identifier des travaux proches concernant les stratégies dans les secteurs en déclin ou en dérégulation, dans l'hypercompétition ou encore dans divers contextes économiquement difficiles. Plus précisément, notre recherche tentera d'apporter des éléments de réponse face aux interrogations toutes en lien avec un contexte de crise caractérisé par une raréfaction des ressources. Quels sont les comportements adoptés par les petites entreprises et comment expliquer les différents niveaux de performance observés au sein d'un seul et même contexte de crise? Des liens existent-ils entre les choix stratégiques des petites entreprises et leurs performances économiques? Quels sont les déterminants, notamment managériaux, des succès et des échecs de ces stratégies? Pour conduire cette recherche, nous avons procédé à une phase qualitative exploratoire afin d'affiner nos propositions de recherche issues de la littérature. Nous avons alors formulé des hypothèses de recherche que nous avons testées avec SPSS lors d'une phase quantitative et à partir de questionnaires interrogeant, sur la période 2000 à 2007, les comportements adoptés par 160 caves particulières de la région. Concernant nos résultats descriptifs, ils montrent que les petites entreprises cherchent leur salut dans des stratégies de spécialisation et de différenciation plutôt que dans des stratégies de coûts bas. Nos résultats mettent aussi en évidence que la recherche d'informations et la prospection sont des pratiques qui améliorent la performance de la petite entreprise en contexte de crise. Ces pratiques sont elles-mêmes renforcées par la réactivité et la recherche d'indépendance du dirigeant. Par là-même, nos résultats soulignent l'impact du dirigeant sur la performance de la petite entreprise, plus particulièrement à travers sa capacité à comprendre les nouvelles formes de pression concurrentielle ou encore du fait de sa propension à rechercher une forme d'indépendance, notamment financière, en contexte de crise."Here, wine growers hide themselves to die..." said the president of the Agricultural Chamber of Languedoc-Roussillon. This research work focuses on the strategic choices and competitive behaviors of (very) small firms investigated in the crisis situation of Languedoc-Roussillon wine industry in France. First we should state that very few existing research attempt to identify the strategies applied by small firms in a crisis context characterized as times of resources scarcity and a major downward shift in performance trends. Therefore, our theoretical background focuses on identifying related works concerning strategies used in declining and deregulated sectors, in hypercompetition or during difficult economic times. Our study will try to answer some of the following questions, all related to a specific crisis context : What are the strategic behaviors of small firms and how to explain different levels of performance? What significant links exist between small firms' strategic choices and global performance? What are the determinants - and especially managerial derterminants - of strategic success and failure? To conduct this research, we first applied an exploratory qualitative approach in order to refine our research proposals that emerged from the theoretical background. Then we formulated our research hypotheses in order to test them with SPSS software using a quantitative approach. We used primary data collected through a questionnaire survey about the strategic behaviors adopted by 160 small wine producers in the region. Our descriptive results indicate that rather than using cost leadership strategies, small firms attempt to grow through niche and differenciation strategies. Moreover our results show that information search and market prospection are good practices to perform better in crisis context. Those practices are reinforced by the managing director through both its reactivity and search for independence. Therefore, these results underline the impact of the managing director on the small firm's performance, particulary through his/her capacity to understand new forms of competitive pressure and his/her will to search for independence, especially financial independence, in a crisis context
In a Permanent State of Global Crises Why Do We Need to Elucidate Crises Dynamics?
No full textExperts from different domains predict that global crises will occur at shorter intervals. In the domain of public health, Delfraissy and Murgue (2012) named these intervals intercrisis. In my research, I posit that forthcoming decades may face an unprecedented situation of a permanent state of global crises of different natures (financial, health, environmental, geopolitical, still unknown crises). According to Delfraissy and Murgue (2012) the response to a global crisis is mainly the responsibility of national and international public authorities. The preparation of this response with the help of academic researchers during intercrisis period is a key element in the decision-making process of these authorities. This preparation requires a high degree of organisation and coordination of the scientific community, in addition to funding. Following Delfraissy (2017), I posit that international researchers from different disciplines need to be prepared to be “activated” and “projected” within a short time to work together on the next emerging global crises. Very little research work tends toward transdisciplinary research focusing on common dynamics linked to different natures and contexts of crises. Paradoxically, despite abundant use of the word ‘crisis’ and descriptions of numerous particular crises, there is little known about common dynamics inherent in crises whatever their natures and contexts might be. Focusing on the description of crises and emotions surrounding these, people may not have much understanding while facing a unique critical situation. Therefore, the word “crisis” itself is said to be overused, debased, and emptied of its meaning. On the contrary, I do consider that the use of the word “crisis” often expresses predictable dynamics (including different forms of violence) and that the crisis itself needs to be deeply and factually analysed by researchers from different domains. Therefore, the complexity of global crises phenomenon calls for more transdisciplinary research to create knowledge and decipher predictable dynamics. Since 2006, I have been using a very intuitive or even obsessional approach to collect all things related with the word ‘crisis’. I take notes and try to decipher data by comparing crises of different natures and contexts. Since I do consider crisis as an anthropocentric phenomenon, I also consider unconscious or involuntary (self)-destructing process as an important element to be analysed around crisis situation. I take also into account counterproductive logics and actions that may worsen the crisis situation. Moreover, analyses of crises as phenomenon reveal common dynamics inherent to crisis itself despite the nature and the context of crises. My research work may provide original contributions to be taught to transdisciplinary researchers working on a new global crisis and feed decision-making process of public authorities.
Keywords: Crisis, Dynamics, Transdisciplinary Research, Decision-Making Proces
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Coopetition and CSR in health crisis context.The case of the “Lightspeed” project - The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine.
No full textInternational audienceThe Covid-19 pandemic has generated a global health, economic and social crisis requiring collab-oration and commitment from all stakeholders to address the different dimensions of the pandem-ic. Collaborating and innovating in a context of sustainable development and health crisis, with the objectives of economic, environmental and social performance, is a real challenge for compa-nies. As early as 2013, Schaltegger et al. (2013) warned that we were only at the beginning of partnerships linked within the framework of a CSR approach and based on the principles of “win-win” coopetition. Thus, the consideration of coopetition strategies by companies in a sustainable development context is very recent and has been little studied (Christ et al., 2017). Since then, the results of recent work by Boucken et al. (2024) confirm that coopetition as part of a CSR strategy has a positive impact on the economic and social performance of firms. The interest of our re-search will be to explore from a theoretical point of view the link between the two concepts (coopetition and CSR), the application prospects, the benefits as well as the points of attention following the study of case (Katsaliaki et al., 2024). Our research proposal is therefore the follow-ing: Can coopetition strategies contribute to achieving CSR performance for companies in a crisis context? To answer our research questions, we adopted a qualitative approach based on a single case study of BioNTech's Lightspeed project. Our results show that from the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, BioNTech leaders were convinced of the impossibility of carrying out their mission alone. Collaborating with one of the world’s major laboratories became essential. Indeed, it was not only a question of developing a vaccine against the Covid-19 virus but of making it available to everyone, including populations in low- and middle-income countries. Our results also show that BioNTech has significant debts and it was not possible at the very beginning to distribute the vaccine at cost of production. The Comirnaty (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine distribution scheme in Africa, and the level of vaccination targets achieved, offered us an insight into the limits of man-agement's willingness to deploy their CSR approach
De la nouvelle vision à la régénération économique dans une industrie en déclin : La stratégie entrepreneuriale du Pays de Vin d’Oc
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