1,721,010 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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Evaluating the Ecological Trade-Offs of Riparian Thinning for Stream Ecosystems in Second-Growth Redwood Forests of Northern California
Get PDFRiparian forests provide a myriad of ecosystem functions for adjacent streams and rivers, and due to these linkages, changes in riparian forest conditions can have direct implications for stream ecosystems. Resource managers in the coast redwood forests (Sequoia sempervirens) of northern California (USA) are actively thinning second-growth stands to accelerate the recovery of old-growth redwood forest conditions. These restoration thinning treatments have focused on upland forests to date due to contemporary riparian protections, but now attention is shifting towards second-growth forests in riparian zones recovering from previous timber harvests. As a result, resource managers across the Pacific Northwest are interested in exploring whether thinning second-growth riparian forests may have benefits to address multiple management objectives for riparian and stream ecosystems. However, complex ecological trade-offs may emerge to riparian thinning between potential increases in stream temperature that can exceed the thermal tolerance of cold-water adapted species and possible increases in aquatic productivity.
In this dissertation I evaluated the influences of riparian thinning on stream ecosystems by examining the effects of thinning on: 1) riparian shade, light, and reach-scale stream temperature responses; 2) how local responses in stream temperature propagated downstream at a watershed extent; 3) light-mediated trophic pathways supporting the food webs of top predators - coastal giant salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus) and coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii); and 4) how these potential changes in thermal and trophic resources interacted to influence the growth and energetics of coastal cutthroat trout that occupied the study watersheds. Using a unique watershed-scale field experiment following a before-after-control-impact design, I evaluated the effects of riparian thinning by experimentally manipulating riparian canopy conditions and tracking stream responses before and after treatment. Key findings that emerged from this work include: 1) thinning treatments decreased shade and light to the stream, but the magnitude of these changes ranged widely depending on the intensity of treatments; 2) stream temperatures increased locally with thinning under more-intensive treatments, but did not change under less-intensive treatments; 3) local responses in stream temperature often propagated downstream, but the spatial extent of those responses depended on the local magnitude of increase; 4) increases in light associated with thinning had limited influence on trophic pathways supporting stream food webs and food web responses were largely confined to lower trophic levels; 5) growth and energetics of coastal cutthroat trout often varied more seasonally and due to body size than due to thinning treatments. Bioenergetics models estimated that cutthroat trout growth potential could increase with thinning primarily due to increases in consumption highlighting the importance of trophic processes supporting these stream fish. However, the effects of thinning on thermal and trophic processes supporting growth potential for cutthroat trout varied seasonally, where trophic processes were more influential both in spring and overwinter whereas thermal processes had greater influence in summer.
Collectively, results from this series of studies highlight that managers need to consider both thermal and food web processes when thinking about the implications of riparian forest management like thinning on stream ecosystems. Moreover, these results illustrate the value of process-based approaches that tease apart underlying mechanisms. An understanding of processes is especially powerful when analyses are combined with year-round studies that capture seasonal variation and watershed-scale analyses that capture spatial patterns across broader spatial extents. Combined, as in this dissertation, such results contribute a more holistic understanding of aquatic responses to riparian thinning that have direct implications for resource managers considering restoration strategies for riparian forests in the redwoods of northern California, but may also apply to other forested watersheds under similar conditions
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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