130,910 research outputs found
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Endonura lusatica Dunger 1966, comb. nov.
No full textEndonura lusatica (Dunger, 1966) comb. nov. Figs 7–22, Tab. 1 Neanura tetrophtalma lusatica Dunger, 1966: 5 Type material. Holotype, adult female on slide, Germany, Halbendorf /Oberlausitz, north of Bautzen, peat bog, 20.X. 1958, leg. Schlegel, det. Dunger. Paratype, juvenile on slide, same data as holotype. Other material. Poland, Baltic Coast, Wolin Island, near Sułomino, flood debris on the bank of Szczeciński Flood, 23. III. 1962, leg. A. Szeptycki, 2 females, male and juvenile on slides; Baltic Coast, Wolin island, reed communities on the bank of Kamieński Flood, flood debris, 10.IV. 1991, leg. R. J. Pomorski, D. SkarŻyński, male on slide; Nizina Wielkopolsko-Kujawska (lowland), near Trzciel, reed communities on the bank of Wielkie Lake, flood debris, IX. 1994, leg. M. Wożny, adult male on slide; Pojezierze Pomorskie (Lakeland), Charzykowska Plain, peat bogs, 3.XI. 96, 28.IV. 97, 19.IX. 97, leg. M. Sławska, det. M. Sławska, 2 females and 9 males on slides; Polesie, Poleski National Park, peat bog, soil, 12.VI. 1996, leg. R. J. Pomorski, female and 4 juveniles on slides; same locality, soil in sedge bog, 2.VI. 1996, leg. R. J. Pomorski, female and juvenile on slide; Podlasie, Białowieski National Park, litter in alder forest, 9.IX. 2000, leg. A. Smolis, numerous specimens on slides and in alcohol; Nizina Śląska (lowland), nature reserve "Zabór", near Miękinia, alder forest, litter and rotting wood, 1.IV. 2001, 24.IV. 2001, 1.IX. 2001, leg. D. SkarŻyński, A. Smolis, leg. A. Smolis, 3 females and 2 males on slides. Ukraine, Roztocze, near Iwano–Frankowsk, nature reserve "Zalyvky", the river Vereszycia, wet willow shrubland on low river terrace, litter and soil, 5.VI. 1987, leg. I. Kaprus’, male on slide. Material is deposited in the Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Taxonomy of Wrocław University, Poland. Diagnosis. Habitus typical of the genus Endonura. Dorsal tubercles present and well developed, except tubercles Di on th. I. 2 + 2 pigmented eyes present. Buccal cone elongated. Labral chaetotaxy 4 / 2, 4. Mandible thin with 3 teeth. Head with 3 chaetae Oc, chaetae A, B, C, D, E and O. Tubercles Dl and (L+So) on head wih 5 and 9 chaetae respectively. Tubercles De on thoracic terga II and III with 3 and 4 chaetae respectively. Tubercles L on abd. III and IV with 3–4 and 7 chaetae respectively. Abd. IV and V with 8 and 3 tubercles respectively. Claw with inner tooth. Tibiotarsi I, II with long and slightly clavate chaetae B 4 and B 5. Tibiotarsus III with only one long and slightly clavate chaeta B 5. Redescription. Habitus typical of the genus. Body length (without antennae): females 1.6–3.1 mm, males 1.4–2.6 mm, I instars 0.6–0.9 mm. Colour of the body dark blue. 2 + 2 large, dark pigmented eyes (Figs 7–9). Types of dorsal ordinary chaetae. Macrochaetae Ml relatively thin, arc-like or straight, narrowly sheathed, apically rounded or rarely pointed (Figs 8, 16, 22); macrochaetae Mc and Mcc thin, straight, apically rounded or pointed; mesochaetae and microchaetae short, thin and pointed. Macrochaetae in I instars thin, arc-like or straight, narrowly sheathed, apically pointed (Fig. 7). Same number and arrangement of chaetae in adults and I instars, except chaetotaxy of ant. IV (see Tab. 1 b) and genital plate (complete absence of chaetae in first instars). Head. Buccal cone strongly elongated (Fig. 14). Labrum pointed, with ventral sclerifications ogival as in Figs 14, 15, 18. Labrum chaetotaxy 4 / 2, 4 (Fig. 19). Chaetotaxy of labium as in Fig. 14. Maxilla styliform, mandible thin and tridentate. Chaetotaxy of antennae in adults and I instars as in Tab. 1 c and in Fig. 10. Apical vesicle distinct, trilobate. Sensilla S on ant.IV subequal, long and thin (Fig. 10). Chaetotaxy of head as in Tab. 1 a and b, and Figs 9, 15. Tubercles Cl and Af separate (Fig. 9). Chaeta O present, chaetae D and E free. Tubercle Dl with 5 chaetae, chaeta Dl 3 absent (Fig. 9). Chaeta A shorter than B. Thorax, abdomen, legs. Body sensilla fine and smooth, distinctly shorter than nearby macrochaetae (Figs 8, 16, 20). Chaetotaxy of th. and abd. as in Tab. 1 d and in Figs 7–8, 16– 17, 20–21. Tubercles Di on th. I not differentiated (Figs 7–8). Chaetae De 3 on abd. I– III shorter than De 2. Chaetae De 2 on th. II – III and De 3 on th. III free. Chaetae De 3 on abd. I– III free (Figs 7–8, 16). The line of chaetae De 1 -sensillum parallel the dorsomedian line on abd. I– III (Figs 16–17). Tubercle L on abd. III and IV with 3–4 and 7 chaetae respectively (see: Variability, Fig. 21). Tubercles Di on abd. V fused (Fig. 16). Chaeta L' on abd. V present (Fig. 21). Cryptopygy absent or slightly developed. Chaetotaxy of legs as in Tab. 1 d and Figs 11–13. Tibiotarsi I– II with elongate and slightly clavate chaetae B 4 and B 5. Tibiotarsi III with elongate and slightly clavate chaeta B 5. Claw with distinct inner tooth (Figs 11–13). Discussion. Because of the presence of tooth on claw and elongate chaetae B 5 and B 4 on tibiotarsi, Endonura lusatica appears to be close to Endonura tetrophtalma (Stach, 1929) and Endonura dentifera Smolis et al. 2007, described from Hungary and Ukraine respectively. Nevertheless, they significantly differ in the following combination of characters: number of chaetae on tubercle D 1 on head (in lusatica 5 chaetae, in dentifera 6 chaetae, in tetrophtalma 3 chaetae), edge of labrum (in lusatica ogival, in dentifera non–ogival, in tetrophtalma unknown), number of chaetae Di on th. II – III (in lusatica and dentifera 3 chaetae, in tetrophtalma 2 chaetae), number of chaetae De on th. III (in lusatica and dentifera 4 chaetae, in tetrophtalma 3 chaetae) and number of chaetae L on abd. IV (in lusatica 7 chaetae, in dentifera 8–9 chaetae, in tetrophtalma 4 chaetae). Variability. The number of chaetae on tubercle L of abd. III is variable, e.g. among studied material from Poland (34 individuals), 10 (29,4 %) specimens have 3 + 3 chaetae, 17 (49 %) spp. 3 + 4 chaetae and 7 (20,6 %) spp. 4 + 4 chaetae. Distribution. The species known to date from Germany, Ukraine (as E. tetrophthalma, Kaprus’ 1998) and Poland (as E. tetrophthalma lusatica, Sławska 2000, 2001). More localities of the species from Poland are herein added (see: Other material). The Polish record of E. tetrophtalma from a alder forest in Kampinoski National Park (Nizina Mazowiecka, Kaczmarek 1973) probably pertains to this species. a) Cephalic chaetotaxy–dorsal side. b) Cephalic chaetotaxy-ventral side. c) Chaetotaxy of antennae. d) Postcephalic chaetotaxy. Ecological remarks. A lowland hydrophilous species, occurs in damp and wet habitats, e.g. alder forests, willow shrubes, bogs and reed communities on a bank of rivers, lakes and hyaline floods. It inhabits wet or submerged litter and soil, mosses, flood debris and rooting wood. First instars were collected in July and September. Remarks. Stach (1929) described Achorutes tetrophtalmus from Hungary (the bank of Balaton Lake). Later, in 1951, he classified the mentioned species to newly established genus Biloba (later placed as synonymous of Neanura) and described a new subspecies Biloba tetrophtalma tatricola from Tatra Mts. (Polish Carpathians). Additionaly, in the same paper, Stach treated the Hungarian species as Biloba tetrophtalma f. principialis. Gisin (1960) elevated the Polish subspecies to the species rank and this taxonomic act was usually accepted by other authors. Later Dunger (1966) described the further subspecies Neanura tetrophtalma lusatica on the basis of two specimens collected in the extreme south–eastern Gemany (Oberlausitz, near German –Polish border). Cassagnau (1979) established the subgenus Endonura and designated Neanura tetrophtalma as its type species. A detailed analysis of original descriptions, type and new material (types of E. tetrophtalma have been lost, W. M. Weiner pers. comm.) showed that E. tetrophtalma, E. lusatica and E. tatricola are a good and distinct species clearly differing in many important taxonomic characters (see: Discussions of E. lusatica and E. tatricola). At the same time it turned out that all mentioned taxa needed a comment and modern redescription to establish and explain their identity. In my opinion, however, the redescription of E. tetrophtalma is presently impossible and should be prepared by a study of a new material from the type locality. According to the original description and figures (Dunger 1966), macrochaetae of E. lusatica are densely covered by large oval scale–like structures. However, a study of available material (types have been checked) did not confirm the presence of such structures. In adition, the type material of the species is generally in a bad condition and the present redescription and figures are therefore based mainly on a new material.Published as part of Smolis, Adrian, 2008, Redescription of four Polish Endonura Cassagnau, 1979 (Collembola, Neanuridae, Neanurinae), with a nomenclature of the ventral chaetae of antennae, pp. 9-36 in Zootaxa 1858 on pages 12-17, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18360
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
A1C variability as an independent risk factor for microalbuminuria in young people with type 1 diabetes.
No full text"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
The effect of prolonged fasting on levels of growth hormone-binding protein and free growth hormone.
No full textOBJECTIVE: There are limited data on growth hormone-binding protein (GHBP) and free GH levels during the physiological challenge of a prolonged fast. Our aim was to explore the relationships between GHBP, free GH, total GH and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels during overnight and 24-hour fasts in healthy young adults. DESIGN: We measured nocturnal levels of GHBP at three time-points (22:00, 03:00, 08:00), NEFA every 60 min and ultra-filtered free GH and total GH at 15-minute intervals for 10 h (22:00-08:00) during an overnight and a 24-hour fast in 7 female and 4 male normal-weight subjects aged 24.8 years (range: 22.8-26.9) with BMI 22.5 kg/m² (range: 18-27). RESULTS: Spontaneous free and total GH levels were closely related during the overnight and 24-hour fasts (r=0.99, p<0.0001 and r=0.99, p<0.0001 respectively). 24 h of fasting led to an increase in levels of basal free GH (p=0.03), mean free GH (p=0.04), mean total GH (p=0.04) and NEFA (p<0.0001) whilst GHBP levels remained similar (p=0.8). Percentage free (over total) GH was similar during the overnight and prolonged fasts (p=0.3). There were no associations between levels of NEFA and free (r=0.24, p=0.5) or total GH (r=0.20, p=0.6). CONCLUSIONS: A 24-hour fast led to parallel increases in free and total GH levels whilst there was no discernable change in GHBP levels or the fraction of free GH. This suggests that GHBP plays a role in limiting variations of circulating free GH levels. NEFA levels increased during the prolonged fast but they were not correlated with free or total GH levels
Hypertonic saline test for the investigation of posterior pituitary function
No full textThe hypertonic saline test is a useful technique for distinguishing partial diabetes insipidus from psychogenic polydipsia, and for the diagnosis of complex disorders of osmoreceptor and posterior pituitary function. However, there is little information concerning its use in childhood. The experience of using this test in five children (11 months to 18 years) who presented diagnostic problems is reported. In two patients, in whom water deprivation tests were equivocal or impractical, an inappropriately low antidiuretic hormone (ADH) concentration ( 295 mosmol/kg). In two children--one presenting with adipsic hypernatraemia and the other with hyponatraemia complicating desmopressin treatment of partial diabetes insipidus--defects of osmoreceptor function were identified. Confirming a diagnosis of idiopathic syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) was possible in a patient with no other evidence of pituitary dysfunction. The hypertonic saline test was well tolerated, easy to perform, and diagnostic in all cases
- …
