1,721,130 research outputs found
The genetics of osteoporosis
No full textIntroduction Osteoporosis is the commonest metabolic bone disease worldwide. The clinical hallmark of osteoporosis is low trauma fracture, with the most devastating being hip fracture, resulting in significant effects on both morbidity and mortality. Sources of data Data for this review have been gathered from the published literature and from a range of web resources. Areas of agreement Genome-wide association studies in the field of osteoporosis have led to the identification of a number of loci associated with both bone mineral density and fracture risk and further increased our understanding of disease. Areas of controversy The early strategies for mapping osteoporosis disease genes reported only isolated associations, with replication in independent cohorts proving difficult. Neither candidate gene or linkage studies showed association at genome-wide level of significance. Growing points The advent of massive parallel sequencing technologies has proved extremely successful in mapping monogenic diseases and thus leading to the utilization of this new technology in complex disease genetics. Areas timely for developing research The identification of novel genes and pathways will potentially lead to the identification of novel therapeutic options for patients with osteoporosis
Genetic studies in osteoporosis: The end of the beginning
Full text linkOsteoporosis and disorders of bone fragility are highly heritable, but despite much effort the identities of few of the genes involved has been established. Recent developments in genetics such as genome-wide association studies are revolutionizing research in this field, and it is likely that further contributions will be made through application of next-generation sequencing technologies, analysis of copy number variation polymorphisms, and high-throughput mouse mutagenesis programs. This article outlines what we know about osteoporosis genetics to date and the probable future directions of research in this field
New and emerging therapies for osteoporosis
No full text<b>Key Points</b>\ud
\ud
- Osteoporosis is a common yet under-recognised condition, with high morbidity and mortality.\ud
\ud
- ‘Traditional’ antiresorptive medications such as bisphosphonates, hormone replacement therapy and raloxifene are effective but have some limitations.\ud
\ud
- Denosumab, a newer antiresorptive, has antifracture efficacy, and favourable 10-year safety data. It has generally similar side effects to bisphosphonates; however, hypocalcaemia is a potential risk particularly in people with stage 4 to 5 chronic kidney disease, and rebound-associated vertebral fractures have been observed after denosumab discontinuation. The role of denosumab in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is under investigation.\ud
\ud
- Teriparatide, the only available anabolic agent in Australia, is limited to 18 months’ use. After discontinuation, commencement of an antiresorptive agent is trongly recommended.\ud
\ud
- Combining denosumab and teriparatide appears promising, with impressive gains in bone mineral density; however, no fracture data are available yet, and the ombination is not currently available on the PBS.\ud
\ud
- Novel anabolic agents with phase III trial evidence include abaloparatide (a parathyroid hormone-related protein analogue) and romosozumab (an antisclerostin antibody).\ud
\ud
- Although associated with significant fracture reduction in phase III trials, development of odanacatib (a cathepsin K inhibitor) has been discontinued because of a small increased risk of stroke
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Counting the cost: estimating the number of deaths among recently released prisoners in Australia
No full textTO THE EDITOR: Kinner and\ud
colleagues described the high\ud
proportion of deaths among recently\ud
released prisoners in Australia..
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
