1,720,961 research outputs found
Moore′s law, Dabbawalas, and pediatric cardiac care in Sri Lanka
No full textSri Lanka is an island nation in Indian Ocean that provides free healthcare to all citizens through government healthcare system. It has commendable health indices in the region. Pediatric cardiac services have rapidly progressed over past few years helping to further bring down infant and under-five mortality rates. Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children (LRH) is the only tertiary care referral center for children with heart disease in the country. Currently it performs approximately 1,000 cardiac catheterizations and 1,000 cardiac surgeries every year. Target is to double the surgical output to treat all children with heart diseases in a timely and appropriate manner. Being a middle-income country, this is not an easy task. Technology used in diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart diseases is rapidly advancing with its price tag. In such a setting, it is challenging to proceed to achieve this target in a resource-limited environment
Leading Article Congenital heart disease: When to act and what to do?
No full textCongenital heart disease has an incidence of 8 per 1000 live births 1 and contributes significantly to childhood morbidity and mortality. Therefore, basic understanding on pathophysiology of different lesions and management options is vital for a practicing paediatrician. Anatomical diagnosis or physiological diagnosis For a physician the most important aspect is physiological diagnosis as numerous anatomical diagnoses will lead to only few physiological types and medical management is based on physiological effects. Congenital heart disease can be categorized into two basic types, acyanotic and cyanotic. Acyanotic lesions can be further categorized into shunts and obstructions whereas cyanotic lesions can be divided into Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) physiology, Transposition of Great Arteries (TGA) physiology and admixture physiology. Shunt lesions Shunts can be further divided into atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Even though these are three anatomical lesions, they are better considered as physiologies because there are many other anatomical entities which have similar physiological effects. In ASD there is left to right shunt before the tricuspid valve and if the shunt is significant (Qp:Qs>1.5-2) it can lead to volume overload of right atrium and ventricle. Because of high flow of blood through the tricuspid valve there will be a mid diastolic murmur in the tricuspid area. As the pressure differences between the left and right atria are low, the shunt is relatively less, there is no pressure transmission to pulmonary circulation and damage to pulmonar
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Current Practice Scope of catheter based interventions in paediatric cardiology
No full textInterventional cardiology is a catheter based treatment modality for non surgical treatment of certain cardiac defects through venous and arterial access to restore normal or near normal haemodynamics. Before 1980, lesions which required interventions were either surgically palliated or corrected. Although the first successful paediatric intervention, balloon atrial septostomy by Rashkind and Miller was performed in 1966 1, the era of paediatric intervention really began with pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty by Kan et al in 1982 2. Since then there have been explosive developments in this field and it is now possible to deal with a multitude of paediatric cardiac lesions through transvenous approach. The goals of such interventions should be safety, effectiveness and wide applicability with clinically acceptable results. More than half of all paediatric catheterisations are now related to interventional procedures and it has become a crucial aspect in the management of children with heart disease. Catheter techniques have become the accepted and preferred curative therapy for many acyanotic congenital heart defects. This tremendous development is mainly due to two reasons. First is the availability of better imaging modalities in the form of echocardiography (transthoracic, transoesophageal, intracardiac). Second is the innovation and refinement of hardware used in interventions such as catheters, guidewires, coils, devices, percutaneous valves and stents. In this respect the efforts made to achieve clinical excellence by clinicians and researchers have gone a long way in the development of the field. Advantages of interventions over surgery are minimal anaesthetic complications, absence of sternotomy or thoracotomy related complications, n
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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