179,992 research outputs found
African origin of the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax.
Get PDFPlasmodium vivax is the leading cause of human malaria in Asia and Latin America but is absent from most of central Africa due to the near fixation of a mutation that inhibits the expression of its receptor, the Duffy antigen, on human erythrocytes. The emergence of this protective allele is not understood because P. vivax is believed to have originated in Asia. Here we show, using a non-invasive approach, that wild chimpanzees and gorillas throughout central Africa are endemically infected with parasites that are closely related to human P. vivax. Sequence analyses reveal that ape parasites lack host specificity and are much more diverse than human parasites, which form a monophyletic lineage within the ape parasite radiation. These findings indicate that human P. vivax is of African origin and likely selected for the Duffy-negative mutation. All extant human P. vivax parasites are derived from a single ancestor that escaped out of Africa
Letter from Margaret Gavan Duffy to Hagan
No full textHolograph letter from Margaret Gavan Duffy, Pensione [c.20 December] [Gocini], Lungarno Guicciardini (Florence), to Hagan, with season's greetings. Though not a happy Christmas, she is still full of hope and certain the country is sound – 'so we have nothing to fear from its verdict'
Data protection: the challenges facing social networking
Get PDFThe popularity of social networking sites has increased dramatically over the past decade. A recent report indicated that thirty-eight percent of online users have a social networking profile. Many of these social networking site users (SNS users) post or provide personal information over the internet every day. According to the latest OfCom study, the average adult SNS user has profiles on 1.6 sites and most check their profiles at least once every other day. However, the recent rise in social networking activity has opened the door to the misuse and abuse of personal information through identity theft, cyber stalking, and undesirable screenings by prospective employers. Behavioral advertising programs have also misused personal information available on social networking sites. Society is now facing an important question: what level of privacy should be expected and required within the social networking environment
Synalpheus yano Rios and Duffy
No full textSynalpheus yano (Ríos and Duffy) Color plate 6 A, B Material examined. Jamaica: non-ovigerous individual, ovigerous female (VIMS 08JAM4801,02), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of Hymeniacidon caerulea. MaxCL ovigerous female: 3.32 mm. MaxCL non-ovigerous individual: 3.75 mm. Color. Dull gold; darker in the distal portion of the major chela; embryos and ovaries brick red. Hosts and ecology. This pair was found in the midnight-blue sponge Hymeniacidon caerulea. In Belize, S. yano is most commonly found in Lissodendoryx colombiensis, but is also found in H. caerulea and Calyx podatypa de Laubenfels. PLATE 7. A, Pseudoceratina (Aiolochroia) crassa (08JAM 32), including an unidentified soft, filmy grey-brown sponge lining the canals, fore-reef (near M 1 channel marker), Discovery Bay, Jamaica. B, Auletta cf. sycinularia (08JAM 27), external view, Dairy Bull Reef, Jamaica. C, Same, interior view. D, Agelas cf. clathrodes (08JAM 61), external view, Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, Jamaica. E, Same, interior view. F, Agelas cf. dispar (08JAM 82), interior view, Rio Buenos, Jamaica. Distribution. Belize (Macdonald et al. 2006; Ríos and Duffy 2007); Jamaica (this study). Remarks. Synalpheus yano is another member of the morphologically similar complex of species that includes S. pandionis, S. dardeaui, and S. ul. It can be distinguished by its complete lack of a blade on the scaphocerite, and by the equally sized spines of the distal margin of the telson.Published as part of Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin & Duffy, Emmett, 2009, The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species, pp. 1-57 in Zootaxa 2199 on pages 51-53, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18956
Prevalence of <i>PvDBP</i> duplications in Duffy-positives (C/T and T/T) and Duffy-negative (C/C) individuals (<i>N</i> = 145) <i>based on PCR analysis</i>.
No full textPrevalence of PvDBP duplications in Duffy-positives (C/T and T/T) and Duffy-negative (C/C) individuals (N = 145) based on PCR analysis.</p
Synalpheus carpenteri Macdonald and Duffy
No full textSynalpheus carpenteri Macdonald and Duffy Color plate 2 C Material examined. Jamaica: 2 non-ovigerous individuals, ovigerous female (VIMS 08JAM1001,02), Pear Tree Bottom Reef, from canals of Agelas cf. clathrodes. 2 non-ovigerous individuals, 2 ovigerous females (VIMS 08JAM 1301 -03), Pear Tree Bottom Reef, from canals of Agelas cf. dispar. Non-ovigerous individual (VIMS 08JAM 1401), Pear Tree Bottom Reef, from canals of A. cf. clathrodes. Non-ovigerous individual, ovigerous female (VIMS 08JAM1501,02), Pear Tree Bottom Reef, from canals of A. cf. dispar. 9 nonovigerous individuals, 8 ovigerous females (VIMS 08JAM1701,02), Pear Tree Bottom Reef, from canals of A. cf. dispar. 68 non-ovigerous individuals, 21 ovigerous females (VIMS 08JAM 2006 -26,28,29), Pear Tree Bottom Reef, from canals of A. cf. dispar. Non-ovigerous individual (VIMS 08JAM 2101), Pear Tree Bottom Reef, from canals of A. cf. clathrodes. Non-ovigerous individual (VIMS 08JAM 2301), Dairy Bull Reef, from canals of A. cf. clathrodes. Non-ovigerous individual (VIMS 08JAM 2401), Dairy Bull Reef, from canals of A. cf. dispar. 10 non-ovigerous individuals, 3 ovigerous females (VIMS 08JAM 2601 -04), Dairy Bull Reef, from canals of A. cf. dispar. 4 non-ovigerous individuals, 2 ovigerous females (VIMS 08JAM3004,07,08), Dairy Bull Reef, from canals of A. cf. dispar. 4 non-ovigerous individuals, 2 ovigerous females (VIMS 08JAM 3501 - 04), fore-reef (near M 1 channel marker), Discovery Bay, from canals of A. cf. dispar. 11 non-ovigerous individuals, 7 ovigerous females (VIMS 08JAM 3801 -04), fore-reef (near M 1 channel marker), Discovery Bay, from canals of A. cf. dispar. 8 non-ovigerous individuals, 7 ovigerous females (VIMS 08JAM 3901 -08), fore-reef (near M 1 channel marker), Discovery Bay, from canals of A. cf. dispar. 2 non-ovigerous individuals (VIMS 08JAM4106,07), fore-reef (near M 1 channel marker), Discovery Bay, from canals of A. clathrodes. 21 non-ovigerous individuals, 6 ovigerous females (VIMS 08JAM 4402 -09), fore-reef (near M 1 channel marker), Discovery Bay, from canals of A. cf. dispar. 4 non-ovigerous individuals, 3 ovigerous females (VIMS 08JAM6102,09,13,14,23), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of A. cf. clathrodes. Non-ovigerous individual, ovigerous female (VIMS 08JAM6801,02), Dairy Bull Reef, from canals of A. cf. dispar. 4 nonovigerous individuals, 3 ovigerous females (VIMS 08JAM 8001 -05), wall off Rio Bueno, from canals of A. cf. dispar. Non-ovigerous individual, ovigerous female (VIMS 08JAM8101,02), wall off Rio Bueno, Jamaica, from canals of A. cf. dispar. Ovigerous female (VIMS 08JAM 8301), wall off Rio Bueno, from canals of A. cf. clathrodes. 11 non-ovigerous individuals, 7 ovigerous females (VIMS 08JAM8502,04- 10), wall off Rio Bueno, from canals of A. cf. dispar. 11 non-ovigerous individuals, 11 ovigerous females (VIMS 08JAM8904,07,11,15- 19), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of A. cf. clathrodes. MaxCL ovigerous female: 3.78 mm. MaxCL non-ovigerous individual: 3.17 mm. Color. Bright orange overall, distal portion of major chela typically even brighter orange; embryos and ovaries are also an intense bright orange. Hosts and ecology. Synalpheus carpenteri appears to be a specialist inhabiting sponges of the genus Agelas. In Jamaica, S. carpenteri was found in large numbers, typically in relatively equal sex ratios, and was the most commonly found shrimp in both A. cf. clathrodes and A. cf. dispar. This contrasts with the situation in Belize (Macdonald et al. 2006; Rios and Duffy 2007) and Caribbean Panama (Macdonald and Duffy 2007), where S. carpenteri is less common and typically occurs as one or a few pairs per sponge. Distribution. Bahamas (as S. bousfieldi in part, Dardeau 1984; Macdonald and Duffy 2007); Caribbean Panama (Macdonald and Duffy 2006); Belize (Macdonald et al. 2006; Macdonald and Duffy 2006; Ríos and Duffy 2007); Jamaica (this study). Remarks. Synalpheus carpenteri is another member of a complex of closely related, morphologically similar species that includes S. brooksi, S. bousfieldi, S. chacei, S. corallinus n. sp., S. plumosetosus n. sp., and S. thele n. sp. (see Table 3). In life it is easily distinguishable from all other members of the complex by the intense orange color, especially the brilliant orange of the ovaries and developing embryos (see Color Plate 2 C). In preserved specimens, it can be recognized by the short, wide telson and usually by the extremely short distolateral spines of the basicerite and scaphocerite. However, two of the new species described here (S. corallinus and S. plumosetosus) also have basicerite and scaphocerite distolateral spines that rarely reach beyond the distal margin of the second segment of the antennular peduncle. Synalpheus carpenteri can be differentiated from S. corallinus by the width of the telson (telson length/proximal margin width ratio averages 0.75 in S. carpenteri and 1.19 in S. corallinus) and by the presence of a thick brush of setae on the dactyl of the minor chela (vs. two closely set, longitudinal rows of setae in S. corallinus), and from S. plumosetosus by the stouter telson (ratio of length/proximal margin width ~ 0.75 in S. carpenteri vs. ~ 1.04 in S. plumosetosus) and by the lack of plumose setae in the minor chela setal brush.Published as part of Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin & Duffy, Emmett, 2009, The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species, pp. 1-57 in Zootaxa 2199 on pages 15-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18956
Antropología, genética y epidemiología del grupo sanguíneo eritrocitario Duffy. Un enfoque multidisciplinar
No full textEl sistema Duffy fue el primer grupo sanguíneo cuyo locus fue asignado a un cromosoma autosómico en el hombre. Su producto génico, la glicoproteína Duffy (gp-FY), actúa como antígeno eritrocitario y receptor de quimiocinas, de ahí que al gen FY se le conozca también como el gen DARC (Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines). Los tres alelos principales Duffy: FY*A, FY*B y FY*O muestran patrones de distribución geográfica distintivos entre las poblaciones humanas continentales, singularmente, el FY*O. El fenotipo serológico Fy(a-b-) o Duffy-negativo (FY*O/FY*O) conduce a la carencia de expresión antigénica Duffy en los glóbulos rojos. Los individuos portadores de esta condición presentan una resistencia casi total a la malaria “vivax”. En la vertiente occidental y central del África subsahariana, este tipo de malaria ha sido endémica desde tiempos antiguos, lo que ha provocado que el alelo FY*O registre en esas áreas geográficas frecuencias próximas a la fijación (~100%). La relación entre la malaria “vivax” y los antígenos Duffy ha sido calificada como una de las interacciones más sorprendentes entre una enfermedad infecciosa y un rasgo genético. En la actualidad, continúa siendo motivo de debate el impacto de las mezclas biológicas y de sus ancestrías, por constituir estos escenarios una fuente de especial importancia de la variación genética adaptativa, y de la respuesta inmune en los humanos. Estas observaciones derivadas de la investigación nos estarían indicando el importante papel que tiene la genética sobre las enfermedades infecciosas, así como los factores de riesgos asociados a ciertas poblaciones humanas con una propia composición genética. Dentro de este contexto, el polimorfismo del grupo sanguíneo Duffy está demostrando ser un factor relevante.Depto. de Biodiversidad, Ecología y EvoluciónFac. de Ciencias BiológicasTRUEpu
Development of Duffy transgenic mouse: in vivo expression of human Duffy gene with -33T -> C promoter mutation in non-erythroid tissues
No full textBlood group Duffy gene (FY) promoter in Duffy-negative individuals contains a point mutation in the GATA1 protein-binding motif, which was suggested to be responsible for erythroid suppression of FY. We developed two transgenic mouse lines with FY from both Duffy phenotypes. Transgenic mice with FY from Duffy-positive phenotype expressed Duffy protein both in red blood cells (RBCs) and non-erythroid tissues. Transgenic mice with FY from Duffy-negative phenotype did not express Duffy protein in RBCs, but it was expressed in non-erythroid tissues. This is the first in vivo experimental evidence showing the effect of -33T-->C promoter mutation on FY expression
In the sad and mournful Autumn with the falling of the leaf First line of refrain For though nothing to another, She was all the world to me [text varies with each verse] [first line]
No full textstrophic with refrainpiano and voiceads on back cover for Horace Waters stockJohns Hopkins University, Levy Sheet Music Collection, Box
068, Item 111The Last [Two] Song[s] of the Late Stephen C. Foster, Who Died January 13th, 1864. Words by Dr. Duffy. Music by Stephen C. Foster.Warren, Music Stereotyper, 43 Centre St. N. Yor
In the sad and mournful Autumn with the falling of the leaf First line of refrain For though nothing to another, She was all the world to me [text varies with each verse] [first line]
No full textstrophic with refrainpiano and voiceads on back cover for Horace Waters stockJohns Hopkins University, Levy Sheet Music Collection, Box
068, Item 111The Last [Two] Song[s] of the Late Stephen C. Foster, Who Died January 13th, 1864. Words by Dr. Duffy. Music by Stephen C. Foster.Warren, Music Stereotyper, 43 Centre St. N. Yor
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