207,963 research outputs found
African origin of the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax.
No full textPlasmodium vivax is the leading cause of human malaria in Asia and Latin America but is absent from most of central Africa due to the near fixation of a mutation that inhibits the expression of its receptor, the Duffy antigen, on human erythrocytes. The emergence of this protective allele is not understood because P. vivax is believed to have originated in Asia. Here we show, using a non-invasive approach, that wild chimpanzees and gorillas throughout central Africa are endemically infected with parasites that are closely related to human P. vivax. Sequence analyses reveal that ape parasites lack host specificity and are much more diverse than human parasites, which form a monophyletic lineage within the ape parasite radiation. These findings indicate that human P. vivax is of African origin and likely selected for the Duffy-negative mutation. All extant human P. vivax parasites are derived from a single ancestor that escaped out of Africa
Duffy, P M, 54477
No full textThis record was harvested from a previous catalogue system and will be withdrawn in 2025. Information in this record may be superseded or incomplete. Visit this record in UMA's new catalogue at: https://archives.library.unimelb.edu.au/nodes/view/382807Surname: DUFFY. Given Name(s) or Initials: P M. Military Service Number or Last Known Location: 54477. Missing, Wounded and Prisoner of War Enquiry Card Index Number: SEA-1717.222454
Item: [2016.0049.15100] "Duffy, P M, 54477
Duffy, T M, 406438
No full textThis record was harvested from a previous catalogue system and will be withdrawn in 2025. Information in this record may be superseded or incomplete. Visit this record in UMA's new catalogue at: https://archives.library.unimelb.edu.au/nodes/view/382808Surname: DUFFY. Given Name(s) or Initials: T M. Military Service Number or Last Known Location: 406438. Missing, Wounded and Prisoner of War Enquiry Card Index Number: 34541.222455
Item: [2016.0049.15101] "Duffy, T M, 406438
Synalpheus idios Rios & Duffy 2007
No full textSynalpheus idios (Rios & Duffy 2007) Material examined. Barbados: 14 non-ovigerous individuals, 2 ovigerous females (VIMS 08BR6502, 08BR 6601 – 4), Harrison’s Point reef, from Hyrtios cf. proteus. 17 non-ovigerous individuals, 4 ovigerous females (VIMS 08BR 101 – 5), Pamir reef, from Hyrtios cf. proteus. Largest ovigerous female, CL 3.90 mm, largest non-ovigerous individual, CL 4.66 mm. Color. As elsewhere in the Caribbean, S. idios females had brick-red ovaries and embryos. Hosts and ecology. In Barbados, S. idios was found in groups of several individuals (with numerous ovigerous females present) in Hyrtios cf. proteus; it has been found in a similar host in Curaçao (Hultgren et al. 2010). Distribution. Belize (Macdonald et al. 2006; Ríos & Duffy 2007), Curaçao (Hultgren et al. 2010), Barbados (this study). Remarks. In Barbados, S. idios can be distinguished from the related species S. bousfieldi by the shape of the distal projection on the major chela, which is conical-shaped in S. idios and lacks the small secondary projection typically found in S. bousfieldi. These closely related species also appear to be limited to different hosts (Hyrtios cf. proteus for S. idios, Agelas clathrodes for S. bousfieldi).Published as part of Hultgren, Kristin M., Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald & Duffy, Emmett, 2011, Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Alpheidae: Synalpheus) of Barbados, West Indies, with a description of a new eusocial species, pp. 1-16 in Zootaxa 2834 on pages 6-7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20807
Synalpheus carpenteri Macdonald & Duffy 2006
No full textSynalpheus carpenteri Macdonald & Duffy, 2006 (Pl. 3C) Material examined. Curaçao: 25 ov. females, 46 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08CU3012–5, 3805–6, 3901–2), Caracas Baai, from the canals of the sponge Agelas cf. clathrodes . 2 ov. females, 6 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08CU13001), Eastpunt, from the canals of A. cf. clathrodes. 1 ov. female, 1 non-ov. individual (VIMS 08CU1601–2), Piscadera Baai, from the canals of A. cf. clathrodes. 4 ov. females, 3 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08CU8701), Piscadera Baai east, from the canals of A. cf. clathrodes . 23 ov. females, 22 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08CU8201, 7–14), Scary Steps, from the canals of A. cf. clathrodes. Largest ov. female, CL 3.8 mm, largest non-ov. individual, CL 3.2 mm. Color. Body color transparent to orange-tinged, ovigerous females with orange or reddish-orange ovaries and embryo color ranging from orange to dull pinkish red. Hosts and ecology. As in all other known locations, S. carpenteri in Curaçao is a host specialist on sponges in the genus Agelas (Agelas cf. clathrodes in Curaçao), which it often occupied along with Synalpheus agelas and less frequently with Synalpheus sanctithomae and Synalpheus mcclendoni. S. carpenteri occurred as a single pair in smaller sponges or in larger groups of approximately equal sex ratios in larger sponges. Distribution. Bahamas (as S. bousfieldi in part, Dardeau 1984; see Macdonald & Duffy 2006); Caribbean Panama (Macdonald & Duffy 2006); Belize (Macdonald & Duffy 2006; Macdonald et al. 2006; Rios & Duffy 2007); Jamaica (Macdonald et al. 2009); Curaçao (this study). Remarks: Synalpheus carpenteri was one of the most widespread species in Curaçao (though not the most abundant), occurring in most locations where Agelas cf. clathrodes was usually collected. In life, S. carpenteri in Curaçao can be easily distinguished from other species occupying Agelas cf. clathrodes by the distinctive, brilliant orange coloring of the body and developing ovaries. S. carpenteri can also be distinguished from S. agelas (the most common co-inhabitant in A. cf. clathrodes) by the number of segments on the carpus of the second pereopod (4 in S. agelas, 5 in S. carpenteri).Published as part of Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S. & Duffy, J. Emmett, 2010, Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *, pp. 221-262 in Zootaxa 2372 (1) on page 229, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, http://zenodo.org/record/530675
Synalpheus williamsi Rios & Duffy 1999
No full textSynalpheus williamsi Ríos & Duffy, 1999 Material examined. Barbados: 1 non-ovigerous individual, 1 ovigerous female (VIMS 08BR 7501 – 2), Cement Factory, from Hymeniacidon caerulea. 1 ovigerous female (VIMS 08BR 1412), Spawnee Reef, host unknown (in rubble with H. caerulea). 5 non-ovigerous individuals, 2 ovigerous females (VIMS 08BR 502 –3, 08BR1101, 08BR1103, 08BR1301, 08BR 2401), Spawnee Reef, from H. caerulea. 1 non-ovigerous individual (VIMS 08BR 1702), Spawnee Reef, host unknown (in rubble with H. caerulea). Largest ovigerous female, CL 3.44 mm, largest non-ovigerous individual, CL 2.85 mm. Color. The body color of S. williamsi ranged from almost colorless to dull orange, with distal portion of the major chela brilliant orange; ovaries were green, embryos bright orange-yellow. Hosts and ecology. In Barbados, S. williamsi appears to be a specialist in the sponge Hymeniacidon caerulea, as is the case in Belize and Jamaica (Macdonald et al. 2006; Ríos & Duffy 2007; Macdonald et al. 2009). Although some individuals were found in loose rubble or on the surface of other sponges embedded in rubble, the rubble always contained H. caerulea. Distribution. Jamaica (Macdonald et al. 2009); Curaçao (Hultgren et al. 2010); Belize (Macdonald et al. 2006; Ríos & Duffy 2007); Barbados (this study). Remarks. Synalpheus williamsi can be distinguished from other species of Synalpheus inhabiting the sponge Hymeniacidon caerulea by the number of spines on the uropod (3–6 fixed marginal teeth anterior to the moveable spine, vs. 1 fixed tooth in S. thele) or the relative length of the basicerite and scaphocerite spines (basicerite 75 % length of scaphocerite in S. ul).Published as part of Hultgren, Kristin M., Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald & Duffy, Emmett, 2011, Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Alpheidae: Synalpheus) of Barbados, West Indies, with a description of a new eusocial species, pp. 1-16 in Zootaxa 2834 on page 14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20807
Synalpheus williamsi Rios & Duffy 2007
No full textSynalpheus williamsi Rios & Duffy, 2007 (Pl. 6E–F) Material examined. Curaçao: 3 ov. females, 9 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08CU3305, 3401, 3501, 10201, 11001, 11601, 11801), Caracas Baai, from the canals of Hymeniacidon caerulea. 1 ov. female (VIMS 08CU3601), Caracas Baai, no host found. 1 ov. female, 1 non-ov. individual (VIMS 08CU7901–2), Scary Steps, from the canals of H. caerulea. 1 ov. female, 2 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08CU2301, 2401), St. Michiel Baai, from the canals of H. caerulea. 1 individual (VIMS 08CU2001), St. Michiel Baai, no host found. 3 ov. females, 4 non-ov. individuals (VIMS 08CU4601–2, 5301, 5501–2, 6401–2), Westpunt, from the canals of H. caerulea. 1 individual (VIMS 08CU6801), Westpunt, no host found. Largest ov. female, CL 5.5 mm, largest non-ov. individual, CL 3.8 mm. Color. Bodies drab to bright orange, with brown to orange-tipped major chelae; embryos and ovaries orange. Hosts and ecology. In Curaçao, as in other locations where it has been reported, S. williamsi was primarily found in the canals of Hymeniacidon caerulea, typically in heterosexual pairs. In Curaçao, juvenile individuals were often found accompanying adult pairs. Distribution. Belize (Macdonald et al. 2006; Rios & Duffy 2007); Jamaica (Macdonald et al. 2009); Curaçao (this study). Remarks. S. williamsi in Curaçao often had traces of their dark blue host sponge (Hymeniacidon caerulea) visible in their gut (see Plates 6E–F), as noted in other locations.Published as part of Hultgren, Kristin M., Macdonald Iii, Kenneth S. & Duffy, J. Emmett, 2010, Sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps of Curaçao, with descriptions of three new species *, pp. 221-262 in Zootaxa 2372 (1) on page 252, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.20, http://zenodo.org/record/530675
Learning for design reuse
No full textOver the past decade 'design assistance', i.e. where the computer is viewed as an Intelligent Design Assistant (IDA) [MacCallum-etal85], has emerged in knowledge based design support and has formed the basic research strategy for the CAD Centre, University of Strathclyde, since the mid-80s. Within this philosophy, an IDA would act as a colleague to a designer, providing guidance, learning from past design experiences, carrying out semi and fully automated tasks, explaining its reasoning and in essence complementing the designer's own natural skills, and thus leaving the ultimate decision making, control and responsibility with the designer
Data protection: the challenges facing social networking
No full textThe popularity of social networking sites has increased dramatically over the past decade. A recent report indicated that thirty-eight percent of online users have a social networking profile. Many of these social networking site users (SNS users) post or provide personal information over the internet every day. According to the latest OfCom study, the average adult SNS user has profiles on 1.6 sites and most check their profiles at least once every other day. However, the recent rise in social networking activity has opened the door to the misuse and abuse of personal information through identity theft, cyber stalking, and undesirable screenings by prospective employers. Behavioral advertising programs have also misused personal information available on social networking sites. Society is now facing an important question: what level of privacy should be expected and required within the social networking environment
Synalpheus carpenteri Macdonald and Duffy
No full textSynalpheus carpenteri Macdonald and Duffy Color plate 2 C Material examined. Jamaica: 2 non-ovigerous individuals, ovigerous female (VIMS 08JAM1001,02), Pear Tree Bottom Reef, from canals of Agelas cf. clathrodes. 2 non-ovigerous individuals, 2 ovigerous females (VIMS 08JAM 1301 -03), Pear Tree Bottom Reef, from canals of Agelas cf. dispar. Non-ovigerous individual (VIMS 08JAM 1401), Pear Tree Bottom Reef, from canals of A. cf. clathrodes. Non-ovigerous individual, ovigerous female (VIMS 08JAM1501,02), Pear Tree Bottom Reef, from canals of A. cf. dispar. 9 nonovigerous individuals, 8 ovigerous females (VIMS 08JAM1701,02), Pear Tree Bottom Reef, from canals of A. cf. dispar. 68 non-ovigerous individuals, 21 ovigerous females (VIMS 08JAM 2006 -26,28,29), Pear Tree Bottom Reef, from canals of A. cf. dispar. Non-ovigerous individual (VIMS 08JAM 2101), Pear Tree Bottom Reef, from canals of A. cf. clathrodes. Non-ovigerous individual (VIMS 08JAM 2301), Dairy Bull Reef, from canals of A. cf. clathrodes. Non-ovigerous individual (VIMS 08JAM 2401), Dairy Bull Reef, from canals of A. cf. dispar. 10 non-ovigerous individuals, 3 ovigerous females (VIMS 08JAM 2601 -04), Dairy Bull Reef, from canals of A. cf. dispar. 4 non-ovigerous individuals, 2 ovigerous females (VIMS 08JAM3004,07,08), Dairy Bull Reef, from canals of A. cf. dispar. 4 non-ovigerous individuals, 2 ovigerous females (VIMS 08JAM 3501 - 04), fore-reef (near M 1 channel marker), Discovery Bay, from canals of A. cf. dispar. 11 non-ovigerous individuals, 7 ovigerous females (VIMS 08JAM 3801 -04), fore-reef (near M 1 channel marker), Discovery Bay, from canals of A. cf. dispar. 8 non-ovigerous individuals, 7 ovigerous females (VIMS 08JAM 3901 -08), fore-reef (near M 1 channel marker), Discovery Bay, from canals of A. cf. dispar. 2 non-ovigerous individuals (VIMS 08JAM4106,07), fore-reef (near M 1 channel marker), Discovery Bay, from canals of A. clathrodes. 21 non-ovigerous individuals, 6 ovigerous females (VIMS 08JAM 4402 -09), fore-reef (near M 1 channel marker), Discovery Bay, from canals of A. cf. dispar. 4 non-ovigerous individuals, 3 ovigerous females (VIMS 08JAM6102,09,13,14,23), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of A. cf. clathrodes. Non-ovigerous individual, ovigerous female (VIMS 08JAM6801,02), Dairy Bull Reef, from canals of A. cf. dispar. 4 nonovigerous individuals, 3 ovigerous females (VIMS 08JAM 8001 -05), wall off Rio Bueno, from canals of A. cf. dispar. Non-ovigerous individual, ovigerous female (VIMS 08JAM8101,02), wall off Rio Bueno, Jamaica, from canals of A. cf. dispar. Ovigerous female (VIMS 08JAM 8301), wall off Rio Bueno, from canals of A. cf. clathrodes. 11 non-ovigerous individuals, 7 ovigerous females (VIMS 08JAM8502,04- 10), wall off Rio Bueno, from canals of A. cf. dispar. 11 non-ovigerous individuals, 11 ovigerous females (VIMS 08JAM8904,07,11,15- 19), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of A. cf. clathrodes. MaxCL ovigerous female: 3.78 mm. MaxCL non-ovigerous individual: 3.17 mm. Color. Bright orange overall, distal portion of major chela typically even brighter orange; embryos and ovaries are also an intense bright orange. Hosts and ecology. Synalpheus carpenteri appears to be a specialist inhabiting sponges of the genus Agelas. In Jamaica, S. carpenteri was found in large numbers, typically in relatively equal sex ratios, and was the most commonly found shrimp in both A. cf. clathrodes and A. cf. dispar. This contrasts with the situation in Belize (Macdonald et al. 2006; Rios and Duffy 2007) and Caribbean Panama (Macdonald and Duffy 2007), where S. carpenteri is less common and typically occurs as one or a few pairs per sponge. Distribution. Bahamas (as S. bousfieldi in part, Dardeau 1984; Macdonald and Duffy 2007); Caribbean Panama (Macdonald and Duffy 2006); Belize (Macdonald et al. 2006; Macdonald and Duffy 2006; Ríos and Duffy 2007); Jamaica (this study). Remarks. Synalpheus carpenteri is another member of a complex of closely related, morphologically similar species that includes S. brooksi, S. bousfieldi, S. chacei, S. corallinus n. sp., S. plumosetosus n. sp., and S. thele n. sp. (see Table 3). In life it is easily distinguishable from all other members of the complex by the intense orange color, especially the brilliant orange of the ovaries and developing embryos (see Color Plate 2 C). In preserved specimens, it can be recognized by the short, wide telson and usually by the extremely short distolateral spines of the basicerite and scaphocerite. However, two of the new species described here (S. corallinus and S. plumosetosus) also have basicerite and scaphocerite distolateral spines that rarely reach beyond the distal margin of the second segment of the antennular peduncle. Synalpheus carpenteri can be differentiated from S. corallinus by the width of the telson (telson length/proximal margin width ratio averages 0.75 in S. carpenteri and 1.19 in S. corallinus) and by the presence of a thick brush of setae on the dactyl of the minor chela (vs. two closely set, longitudinal rows of setae in S. corallinus), and from S. plumosetosus by the stouter telson (ratio of length/proximal margin width ~ 0.75 in S. carpenteri vs. ~ 1.04 in S. plumosetosus) and by the lack of plumose setae in the minor chela setal brush.Published as part of Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin & Duffy, Emmett, 2009, The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species, pp. 1-57 in Zootaxa 2199 on pages 15-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18956
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