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Analyse croisée de la performance et de la santé des joueurs de rugby par des outils d’intelligence artificielle
No full textThis PhD lies at the intersection of performance analysis and player health in professional rugby, through the use of artificial intelligence and data science tools.It is based on data collected from a top-level club, Racing 92, and pursues a dual objective: optimizing collective on-field performance and anticipating player injury risks.The first part explores the modeling of sporting performance. Various clustering approaches were applied to characterize teams’ offensive playing styles, using an extended set of match variables. The identification of specific clusters, associated with differentiated win rates, highlighted key determinants of success such as line breaks and turnovers. Furthermore, the similarity between the playing style of certain clubs and that of their national teams underlines the importance of structural continuity in collective performance. The study also employed Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to examine the teams’ collective experience. Players were represented as nodes with three parameters (professional matches, international matches, and matches with the current club), and their shared experiences as edges. While the direct prediction of match outcomes from these graphs proved limited, the approach opens promising perspectives for analyzing collective interactions.The second part focuses on the medical dimension. Collected data include training load, daily medical status, environmental factors, and screening tests. From a predictive standpoint, several machine learning and deep learning models were tested, including logistic regression, random forests, XGBoost, and recurrent neural networks. The best performances were obtained with hybrid architectures combining Conv1D and LSTM, capable of leveraging the sequential and multivariate nature of the data. These models achieved good levels of accuracy during the 2022–2023 season. However, performance struggled to remain consistent across seasons and evolving conditions. Particular attention was given to model interpretability, an essential condition for adoption by coaches and medical staff. Explainability methods (LIME) were integrated to identify the most influential variables for each prediction.In conclusion, this thesis highlights the contribution of artificial intelligence methods in bridging the domains of performance and health in professional rugby. The results show that data science can help better understand game dynamics, objectify complex concepts such as collective cohesion, and anticipate injury-related unavailability. Nevertheless, the observed limitations emphasize the need for parsimonious, explainable models adapted to the operational constraints of the field. This work thus opens perspectives for industrial applications in professional clubs, and more broadly for the development of sports analytics applied to athlete performance and health.Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le domaine de l’analyse de la performance et de la santé des joueurs de rugby professionnel, à travers l’utilisation d’outils d’intelligence artificielle et de science des données.Elle repose sur l’exploitation de données issues d’un club de haut niveau, le Racing 92, et vise un double objectif : optimiser la performance collective sur le terrain et anticiper les risques de blessure joueurs.La première partie explore la modélisation de la performance sportive. Différentes approches de clustering ont été mobilisées pour caractériser les styles de jeu offensifs des équipes, en s’appuyant sur un ensemble élargi de variables de matchs. L’identification de clusters spécifiques, associés à des taux de victoire différenciés, a permis ded'appuyer certains déterminants clés de la réussite, tels que les franchissements ou les turnovers. Par ailleurs, la proximité entre le style de jeu de certains clubs et celui de leur sélection nationale illustre l’importance des continuités structurelles dans la performance collective. L’étude a également mobilisé des réseaux de neurones graphiques (GNN) afin de d'étudier l'expérience collective des équipes. Les joueurs étaient ainsi représentés par des noeuds contenant trois paramètres (matchs en professionnel, matchs internationaux et dans le club actuel) et leurs expériences communes comme des arêtes. Si la prédiction directe du résultat de match à partir de ces graphes s’est révélée limitée, l’approche ouvre des perspectives prometteuses pour l’analyse des interactions collectives.La seconde partie se concentre sur la dimension médicale. Les données collectées incluent la charge d’entraînement, les statuts médicaux quotidiens, les facteurs environnementaux et les tests de screening. D'un point de vue prédictif, plusieurs modèles d’apprentissage automatique et profond ont été testés, parmi lesquels des régressions logistiques, forêts aléatoires, XGBoost et réseaux de neurones récurrents. Les meilleures performances ont été obtenues par des architectures hybrides de type Conv1D + LSTM, capables d’exploiter la nature séquentielle et multivariée des données. Ces modèles ont permis d'attendre de bons niveaux de précision sur la saison 2022-2023. Cependant, les performances ont eu du mal à rester constante au cours des saisons et des évolutions.Une attention particulière a été accordée à l’interprétabilité des modèles, condition indispensable à leur adoption par les entraîneurs et le staff médical. Des méthodes explicatives (LIME) ont été intégrées pour identifier les variables les plus influentes de chaque prédiction.En conclusion, cette thèse met en évidence l’apport des méthodes d’intelligence artificielle pour croiser les enjeux de performance et de santé dans le rugby professionnel. Les résultats montrent que les méthodes de data science peuvent contribuer à mieux comprendre les dynamiques de jeu, à objectiver des concepts complexes tels que la cohésion collective, et à anticiper les indisponibilités liées aux blessures. Néanmoins, les limites observées rappellent la nécessité de modèles parcimonieux, explicables et adaptés aux contraintes opérationnelles du terrain. Ces travaux ouvrent ainsi des perspectives d’application industrielle pour les clubs professionnels, et plus largement pour le développement de l’analytique sportive appliquée à la performance et à la santé des athlètes
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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