1,720,955 research outputs found
Dynamic feedback generation in virtual patients using semantic web technologies
No full textVirtual patients are interactive tools commonly used by medical schools for teaching and learning, and as training tools for the development of clinical reasoning. The feedback delivered to students is a crucial feature in virtual patients. Personalised feedback, in particular, helps students to reflect on their mistakes and to organise their knowledge in order to use it appropriately in a clinical context. However, authoring personalised feedback in virtual patient systems can become a difficult task, due to the large number of choices available to students and the complex implications of each choice. Additionally, the current technologies used for the design and exchange of virtual patients have limitations in terms of interoperability and data reusability.Semantic web technologies are designed to model complex knowledge in a flexible manner, allowing easy data sharing from multiple sources and automatic data processing. This thesis demonstrates the benefits of Semantic Web technologies for the design of virtual patients, in particular for the automatic generation of personalised feedback.Seven important types of personalised feedback were identified from the literature, and a preliminary survey showed that students in year 3 to 5 consider two of these types of feedback to be particularly useful: feedback indicating actions that each student should have chosen but neglected, and feedback indicating the diagnoses that each student should have tested and rule out or confirmed, given the initial presentation of the patient. SemVP, a Semantic Web-based virtual patient system, was created and evaluated by medical students, using a quantitative survey and qualitative interviews. This study showed that SemVP can generate useful personalised feedback, without the need for a virtual case author to write feedback manually, using a semantic model representing both the virtual patient and each student's actions, and leveraging existing data sources available online
Automatic feedback generation in virtual patients using semantic web technologies
No full textA variety of computer systems called virtual patients are available in medical education today. Virtual patients are designed to emulate realistic clinical cases on a computer, and help students to practice diagnosis and clinical reasoning. They are used as an integral part of the curriculum in many medical schools. However, the technologies currently used to build virtual patients present limitations. Feedback has to be edited manually by medical experts, and the feedback provided is often not adapted to each student's interactions with the virtual patient. This makes creating and editing a virtual patient time-consuming, and limits its pedagogical impact. Indeed, relevant feedback is crucial to help students assess and reflect on their performance, reflect on their decisions and improve their clinical reasoning skills. This paper presents research on automatic feedback generation for virtual patients, using semantic web technologies. To generate feedback, a computer model has been designed to represent virtual patients and students’ interactions, using semantic web technologies. The use of semantic web technologies allows a computer readable connection between medical conditions, their symptoms and the corresponding examinations. Some of these connections can be pulled from existing linked data available on the web, which would facilitate the creation and maintenance of virtual patient data. A survey has been conducted to determine the most useful types of feedback for medical students. Relating this encoded knowledge to data describing the student’s choices of examinations allows the automatic generation of such feedback in virtual patients
Modelling virtual patients and generating feedback using semantic web technologies
No full textA variety of computer programs called virtual patients systems are available today. Virtual patients are designed to emulate realistic clinical cases on a computer, and help students to practice diagnosis and clinical reasoning. They are used as an integral part of the curriculum in many medical schools. However, the technologies currently used to build virtual patients present limitations. Feedback has to be edited manually by medical experts, and the feedback provided is often not adapted to each student's interactions with the virtual patient. This makes creating and editing a virtual patient time-consuming, and limits its pedagogical impact. This presentation demonstrates research on automatic feedback generation for virtual patients, using a group of methods and technologies collectively known as the semantic web. The semantic web is designed to formally represent information about digital documents and other resources (such as people and events) using RDF (Resources Description Framework). It is also possible to describe concepts, classify them and define their properties using OWL (Web Ontology Language). These formal languages also allow re-use of data from external sources from the web. To generate feedback, an adequate computer model has to be designed to represent virtual patients and students’ interactions. The semantic web allows rich data modelling, and is therefore superior to traditional data technologies such as relational databases and XML for this purpose
Semantic virtual patients: using semantic web technology to improve virtual patients for medical education
No full textThis poster presents an interdisciplinary project on virtual patients. Virtual patients are systems designed to help medical students practice their clinical skills in a safe environment, using feedback provided by the system to reflect on their clinical decisions. A review of existing virtual patient systems has been conducted, and limitations in terms of feedback have been identified in existing systems. This paper proposes that semantic web technologies will help to alleviate some of these limitations. A new virtual patient system has been designed, and semantic web technologies are used in order to benefit from existing semantic data already available on the web, thus facilitating the virtual case editing process. Semantic data is also used to generate automated feedback according to each student’s choice of interview questions and examinations
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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