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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Antioxidant content and potential of fresh and processed cladodes and fruit from different coloured cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica and Opuntia robusta) cultivars
No full textEnglish: Different coloured cactus fruit, peel, seeds and cladodes were studied for antioxidant content
and -capacity in fresh products. Fruit and cladodes from seven different cultivars from the O.ficus-indica spp. and one of O. robusta spp. were collected representing the four colours of fruit
available namely, green, pink, orange and purple.
It was found that fresh cactus pear fruit and cladodes contained exceptionally high levels of
Ascorbic acid, Total Phenolics and Betalains and modest amounts of Carotene. Antioxidant
potential remained at very high levels regardless of the specific antioxidant content. The highest
antioxidant content and -capacity were found in purple (O.robusta Robusta) fruit and cladodes,
attributed to the high levels of Betalains. Ascorbic acid, working synergistically with Phenolics,
was found to provide almost as much antioxidant capacity to orange fruit coloured cultivars. It
was thus found that cultivars with purple and orange fruit and cladodes were the best in regards
to antioxidant content as well as -potential.
Five cultivars, representing the four colours were further investigated by processing into
different products in order to determine the influence that preservation techniques had on the
antioxidant content and potential in the fruit, peel and cladodes. Juice, dried products, chutneys,
whole preserves and pickles were prepared from the fruit (pulp), peel and cladodes of the five
different coloured cultivars that attained the highest values in the fresh study.
Betalains were retained in processed products; Ascorbic acid was mostly preserved in the
processed products that involved minimal heat treatments, while Carotene and Phenolics
increased after processing. Processed cladodes, more than fresh cladodes, from all the
cultivars, were concluded to provide an excellent source of antioxidants and could be suggested
for products such as cladode flour and pickles. The peel in general was found to contain very
similar antioxidant content and potential as the fruit and should be included in products when
possible. In fruit, the purple fruit is highly recommended for processing, as it displayed the
highest antioxidant potential in its fresh form and maintained these levels in processed product.
Dried fruit is the product with the highest source of antioxidants to the consumer. Juice and
chutney from pink or orange fruit would also provide products that the South African consumer
is accustomed to with exceptionally high antioxidant potential.
The study brings to light the potential that cactus pear products have for the food industry. It
could be developed into a profitable industry if the public could be made aware of the health
benefits that they provide.Afrikaans: Verskillende kleure turksvy vrugte, skille, sade en kladodés was bestudeer In hierdie studie vir
antioksidant inhoud en -kapasiteit. Vrugte en kladodes van sewe verskillende Opuntia ficusindica
kultivars en een O. robusta kultivar, wat die vier vrug kleure (groen, pienk, oranje en pers)
insluit, is gebruik.
Die bevindinge dui daarop dat vars turksvy vrugte en kladodes, baie hoë vlakke van
askorbiensuur, fenole en betalaiene asook laer karoteen vlakke bevat, maar die antioksidant
potensiaal bly hoog ongeag die spesifieke antioksidant waardes. Die heel hoogste antioksidant
inhoud en -potensiaal vlakke is gevind in die pers (0. robusta Robusta) kultivar, in die vrugte
sowel as die kladodes. Hierdie hoë vlakke is toegeskryf aan die hoë betalaien inhoud.
Askorbiensuur, in samewerking met fenole, het die antioksidant potensiaal vlakke aan die ander
kleure en veral aan oranje vrugte verskaf. Daar is dus gevind dat pers en oranje kultivars die
beste keuse is vir antioksidant inhoud en -waarde.
In die verdere studie is vyf kultivars, wat steeds die vier turksvy kleure verteenwoordig, verwerk
in verskillende produkte sodat bepaal kan word of die antioksidante steeds teenwoordig sal
wees na prosessering in die vrugte, skille en kladodes. Sap, gedroogde produkte, blatjang, heel
ingelegde produkte en piekels (suurtjies) was voorberei van die vrugte, skille en kladodes van
die vyf kultivars wat die beste resultate gelewer het in die eerste deel van die studie.
Daar is gevind dat betalaiene behoue gebly het, askorbiensuur was meestal behou in die
prosesse waar minder hitte toegevoeg is, terwyl karoteen en fenole toegeneem het tydens
prosessering. Geprosesseerde kladodes, eerder as vars kladodes, van enige kultivar is 'n
uitstekende bron van antioksidante en daarom word dit hoogs aanbeveel vir die gebruik in
produkte soos turskvy kladode meel en piekels. Die skil, oor die algemeen, het dieselfde hoë
antioksidant inhoud as die vrug en behoort ingesluit te word in produkte waar moontlik. Veral die
pers vrug word aanbeveel aangesien dit die hoogste antioksidant inhoud gehad het en die
inhoud het hoog gebly na prosessering. Gedroogte vrugte is 'n uitstekende bron van
antioksidante aan die verbruiker. Turksy vrugtesap en blatjang het ook hoë potensiaal as
produkte wat die Suid Afrikaanse verbruiker ken.
Hierdie studie het die hoë potensiaal wat turksvy produkte aan die voedsel industrie kan lewer
uitgelig. Dit kan ontwikkel word tot 'n winsgewende industrie as die publiek bewus gemaak kan
word van die gesondheidsvoordele wat dit inhou
Selection, extraction, characterization and application of mucilage from cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica and Opuntia robusta) cladodes
No full textEnglish: Cactus pear plants (Opuntia ficus-indica and Opuntia robusta) are edible plants that grow and
thrive in the semi-arid area of the Free State, South Africa, yet are unknown food sources. Cactus
pear cladodes could be developed into a crop that could offer solutions in terms of food security,
yet are ignored and underutilized in South Africa. Extensive research done abroad on the
nutritional and therapeutic properties of cladodes and mucilage verified its high potential for
human consumption. The development of mucilage into a commercial nutraceutical food
product offers an opportunity to add value to the crop while providing a healthy product that
could significantly enhance the well-being of the South African consumer. A successful, easy,
inexpensive and chemical free extraction process was developed, yet cladodes were not equal in
terms of the amount of quality of mucilage. Thus, the most appropriate cultivar for optimal
mucilage yield and quality from forty-two local cultivars had to be selected and cladode
harvesting time established.
It was found that mucilage yield was not a consequence of cladode size or moisture content, but
of cultivar and viscosity. Seven cultivars were selected that proved to have the lowest viscosity
while commercially viable in South Africa (O. ficus-indica cultivars namely Algerian, Meyers,
Morado, Ficus-Indica, Gymno-Carpo, Tormentosa, Turpin). The eighth cultivar represented a
different species (O. robusta Robusta). Further morphological and rheological investigations
revealed that the dormant stage (dormant months) would be the optimal harvesting time, while
the selection of cultivars were narrowed down to four (O. ficus-indica Algerian, Morado, Gymno-
Carpo and O. robusta Robusta). Mucilage (native and freeze-dried powders) from all cultivars
showed non-Newtonian, pseudoplastic tendencies. Higher viscosity mucilage was time
dependent, rheopectic and had yield stress tendencies. Fluctuations in temperature, pH,
concentration and electrolytes influenced the mucilage viscosity that could affect product
texture.
In the analyses of the native mucilage, lower pH during summer was correlated to higher
mucilage yields. The flow properties, water- and oil- related properties showed the high potential
of mucilage powders as commercial nutraceutical product. The chemical analysis of freeze-dried
mucilage powders showed high fibre and minerals, yet low fat and carbohydrates. Although the
protein content was low, the presence of proteins was confirmed for the protein-lipid interaction necessary in the stabilization action of emulsions. The higher organic acids in summer concurred
with the lower pH (as a consequence of CAM) that in turn affected the mucilage viscosity and
yield. Mucilage was successfully applied to food products and is recommended for
commercialization as a nutraceutical food product.
In terms of cultivar selection, ‘Robusta’ had the highest contents of protein, total fats (beneficial
fatty acids), starch, potassium and phosphorous, while ‘Algerian’ mucilage had the lowest energy
and insoluble fibre, but highest calcium, iron and copper contents. ‘Gymno-Carpo’ had high
linoleic acid, magnesium and manganese and good fat ratios.
It is recommended that cladodes be harvested in the summer months, directly after the fruit had
been harvested for optimal mucilage yield and quality. ‘Robusta’ emerged as the best cultivar for
higher viscosity mucilage and Algerian for lower viscosity mucilage of the best quality. However,
a careful selection of the most appropriate cultivar mucilage would be paramount for specific
food applications.Afrikaans: Die turksvy (Opuntia ficus-indica en Opuntia robusta) is eetbare plante wat groei en floreer in die
semi-droë area van die Vrystaat, Suid Afrika. Dit is egter ‘n onbekende voedsel bron. Turksvye
kan ontwikkel as ‘n gewas waarvan die kladode ‘n oplossing kan bied in terme van
voedselsekuriteit, tog word dit geïgnoreer en is onderbenut in Suid Afrika. Uitgebreide
internasionale navorsing oor die voedings- en terapeutiese eienskappe van kladodes en slymgom
het die potensiaal daarvan vir menslike gebruik bevestig. Die ontwikkeling van slymgom in ‘n
kommersiële voedingsproduk bied ‘n geleentheid om waarde tot die gewas te voeg, terwyl dit ‘n
gesonde produk kan lewer wat baie voordelig kan wees vir die welstand van die Suid-Afrikaanse
verbruiker. ‘n Suksesvolle, maklike en chemies-vrye onttrekkingsproses is ontwikkel, tog het die
kladodes nie dieselfde kwaliteit slymgom gelewer nie. Daarom moes vasgestel word watter
kultivar die mees geskikste kultivar is in terme van die optimale slymgom opbrengs en kwaliteit
uit 42 plaaslike kultivars. Die beste oestyd vir die kladodes moes ook bepaal word.
Daar is bevind dat die opbrengs van slymgom nie bepaal word deur die gewig of vog inhoud van
die kladodes nie, maar deur die kultivar en viskositeit van die slymgom. Sewe kultivars met die
laagste viskositeit, wat nogsteeds kommersieël lewensvatbaar is in Suid Afrika, is geïdentifiseer
(O. ficus-indica kultivars: Algerian, Meyers, Morado, Ficus-Indica, Gymno-Carpo, Tormentosa,
Turpin). Die agtste kultivar verteenwoordig ‘n ander spesie (O. robusta ‘Robusta’). Verdere
morfologiese en rheologiese ondersoeke het getoon dat die dormante groeistadium die optimale
oes tyd is, en dat die vier beste kultivars O. ficus-indica: Algerian, Morado, Gymno-Carpo en O.
robusta: Robusta is. Slymgom (natuurlike slymgom en gevriesdroogde slymgom) van al die
kultivars het nie-Newtoniese en pseudoplastiese neigings getoon. Slymgom met’n hoër
viskositeit was tyd afhanklik, rheopeuties en het vloei spanning neigings getoon. Skommelings in
temperatuur, pH, konsentrasie en elektroliete het die slymgom viskositeit beïnvloed, wat weer
die voedselproduk se tekstuur kan affekteer.
Die lae pH-waardes van die plaaslike slymgom korreleer met die hoër slymgom opbrengste
daarvan. Die vloei, water- en olie verwante eienskappe van die slymgom poeiers het potensiaal
getoon as kommersiële nutraseutiese produkte. Die chemiese ontleding van die gevriesdroogde
slymgom poeiers het hoë vesel en minerale inhoude getoon, maar ook lae vet en koolhidraat
vlakke. Alhoewel die proteïen inhoud laag was, was die teenwoordigheid van proteïen bevestig vir die proteïen-lipied interaksie, wat nodig was vir die stabiliserende aksie van die emulsies. Die
hoër organiese suur inhoud van die slymgom, wat tydens die na-oes periode versamel is (as ‘n
gevolg van CAM), het die slymgom viskositeit en opbrengs beïnvloed. Slymgom was suksesvol by
voedselprodukte gevoeg en word aanbeveel vir die kommersialisering van ‘n nutraseutiese
voedselproduk.
In terme van kultivar keuse, het ‘Robusta’ slymgom die hoogste proteïen, totale vette (voordelige
vetsure), stysel, potassium en fosfor inhoude getoon, terwyl ’Algerian’ die laagste energie en
onoplosbare vesel, maar die hoogste kalsium, yster en koper inhoude getoon het. ‘Gymno-Carpo’
het die hoogste linoleïensuur, magnesium, mangaan en goeie vet inhoud getoon.
Vir optimale slymgom opbrengs en kwaliteit word aanbeveel dat die kladodes direk nadat die
vrugte geoes is in die somer (Februarie), geoes word. ‘Robusta’ het uitgestaan as die kultivar met
‘n hoër viskositeit slymgom en ‘Algerian’ met ‘n laer viskositeit slymgom met die beste kwaliteit.
Kultivar keuse vir die beste slymgom produksie is egter van kardinale belang vir spesifieke
aanwendings in voedselprodukte
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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