1,721,028 research outputs found
Information and communication technology-based health interventions for transgender people: A scoping review
Full text linkIn the recent past, there has been a strong interest in the use of information and communication technology (ICT) to deliver healthcare to ‘hard-to-reach’ populations. This scoping review aims to explore the types of ICT-based health interventions for transgender people, and the concerns on using these interventions and ways to address these concerns. Guided by the scoping review frameworks offered by Arksey & O’Malley and the PRISMA-ScR checklist, literature search was conducted in May 2021 and January 2022 in three databases (PubMed, CINAHL and Scopus). The two searches yielded a total of 889 non-duplicated articles, with 47 of them meeting the inclusion criteria. The 47 articles described 39 unique health projects/programs, covering 8 types of ICT-based interventions: videoconferencing, smartphone applications, messaging, e-coaching, self-learning platforms, telephone, social media, and e-consultation platforms. Over 80% of the health projects identified were conducted in North America, and 62% focused on HIV/sexual health. The findings of this review suggest that transgender people had often been regarded as a small subsample in ICT-based health projects that target other population groups (such as ‘men who have sex with men’ or ‘sexual minority’). Many projects did not indicate whether transgender people were included in the development or evaluation of the project. Relatively little is known about the implementation of ICT-based trans health interventions outside the context of HIV/sexual health, in resource limiting settings, and among transgender people of Asian, Indigenous or other non-White/Black/Hispanic backgrounds. While the range of interventions identified demonstrate the huge potentials of ICT to improve healthcare access for transgender people, the current body of literature is still far from adequate for making comprehensive recommendations on the best practice of ICT-based interventions for transgender people. Future ICT-based interventions need to be more inclusive and specified, in order to ensure the interventions are safe, accessible and effective for transgender people
Business Disruptions Due to Social Vulnerability and Criminal Activities in Urban Areas
No full textThis study investigates the relationship between social vulnerability, illegal activities, and location-based business disruptions in Athens, the capital of Greece. The research utilises repeated cross-sectional data from 2008, 2014, and 2023, gathered from areas with high levels of criminal activity, reflecting the experiences of business owners and managers in these locations. The findings reveal that heightened levels of social vulnerability-including the presence of illicit drug users and homeless individuals-alongside illegal activities such as gang-related protection rackets and black-market operations, are associated with increased location-based business disruptions. These disruptions manifest in assaults on employees and customers, business burglaries, reputational damage, supply chain problems, and decreased turnover. The study also examines the impact of economic conditions in 2014 and 2023, when Greece's Gross Domestic Product was lower than in 2008, indicating an economic recession. The findings suggest that the economic downturn during these years further exacerbated location-based business disruptions. Conversely, enhanced public safety measures, such as increased police presence, law enforcement, and improved public infrastructure, were associated with a reduction in these disruptions. Furthermore, an interesting insight was that businesses with longer operating histories tend to experience fewer location-based disruptions, indicating that operating history might be perceived as a resilience factor. The study suggests that policy actions should focus on increasing police visibility, providing financial support to high-risk businesses, funding urban regeneration projects, maintaining public infrastructure, and delivering social services aimed at helping marginalised communities escape vulnerability
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Sexual orientation discrimination in the labour market
No full textThis research examines the possible discrimination faced by gay men compared to heterosexuals when applying for jobs in the Greek private sector. This issue was addressed through the observation of employer hiring decisions. Mailing pairs of curriculum vitae, distinguished only by the sexual orientation of the applicants, led to the observation that gay men faced a significantly lower chance of receiving an invitation for an interview. However, in cases where employers called applicants back, the wages offered did not differ significantly between gay and heterosexual applicants. Nevertheless, there is substantial evidence to suggest that discrimination based on sexual orientation does exist in the Greek labour market, and at alarmingly high levels.Field experiment Sexual orientation Hiring discrimination Wage discrimination Probit model OLS model
Sexual orientation and labor market outcomes
No full textStudies from countries with laws against discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation suggest that gay and lesbian employees report more incidents of harassment and are more likely to report experiencing unfair treatment in the labor market than are heterosexual employees. Both gay men and lesbians tend to be less satisfied with their jobs than their heterosexual counterparts. Gay men are found to earn less than comparably skilled and experienced heterosexual men. For lesbians, the patterns are ambiguous: in some countries they have been found to earn less than their heterosexual counterparts, while in others they earn the same or more
Greek unions' preferences: measuring trends in the field. An exploratory note on the period 2008–2009
No full textThe present research explores union preferences through a survey of the Greek national federations (secondary-level unions) for the period 2008–2009. The evidence presented here suggests that the monopoly-union model does not properly evaluate union–firm reality in Greece. Moreover, the right-to-manage model holds when firms ought to increase employment, while the efficient-bargaining model holds when firms attempt workforce reductions. The study also suggests that most unions place relatively more weight on wage issues than on employment issues, but there is no exclusive preference for wages over employment agreements. Furthermore, the data provide evidence that unions' goals cannot be reduced to a simple trade-off between wages and employment level; rather a range of options, examined by the industrial relations literature, should be taken into account.Cet article analyse les préférences syndicales au travers d’une étude des fédérations nationales grecques (organisations syndicales du second niveau) pendant la période 2008-2009. Les données présentées ici suggèrent que le modèle du monopole syndical ne rend pas compte de manière appropriée de la réalité du syndicalisme d’entreprise en Grèce. Par ailleurs, le modèle du droit à gérer est validé lorsque les entreprises doivent embaucher davantage, alors que le modèle de négociation efficace se trouve confirmé lorsque l’entreprise doit réduire l'emploi. L’étude suggère également que la plupart des syndicats mettent davantage l’accent sur les questions de salaires que sur les questions d'emploi, sans préférence exclusive pour des accords salariaux au détriment d’accords sur l’emploi. Enfin, les données montrent que les objectifs syndicaux ne peuvent être réduits à un simple arbitrage entre niveau des salaires et niveau de l’emploi; il convient de prendre en considération un éventail d’options examinées par la littérature consacrée aux relations industrielles.Dieser Beitrag stützt sich auf eine Untersuchung der gewerkschaftlichen Präferenzen im Rahmen einer Befragung der nationalen Gewerkschaftsverbände in Griechenland, die den Zeitraum 2008-2009 abdeckt. Aus dieser Untersuchung geht hervor, dass das Modell der Monopol-Gewerkschaften die Beziehung zwischen Gewerkschaften und Unternehmen in Griechenland nicht richtig wiedergibt. Das right-to-manage-Modell trifft zu, wenn Unternehmen mehr Arbeitnehmer einstellen, während das efficient-bargaining-Modell zutrifft, wenn sie die Zahl ihrer Arbeitnehmer reduzieren möchten. Die Studie deutet auch darauf hin, dass die meisten Gewerkschaften Lohnfragen relativ gesehen mehr Gewicht beimessen, aber Lohnvereinbarungen nicht grundsätzlich Beschäftigungsvereinbarungen vorziehen. Darüber hinaus zeigen die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung, dass sich die Ziele der Gewerkschaften nicht auf einen einfachen Kompromiss zwischen Löhnen und Beschäftigungsniveau reduzieren lassen. Stattdessen müssen verschiedene Optionen berücksichtigt werden, die in der Fachliteratur zu Fragen der Arbeitsbeziehungen untersucht werden.</jats:p
Roma women in Athenian firms: Do they face wage bias?
Full text linkIn the current study, we analyze the effect of having a Roma background on women's wages. By utilizing the Athens Area Study random sample (2007-08) drawn from 16 multiethnic municipalities in which Roma live, we estimate that 66.1% of the wage differential between Roma and non-Roma female workers cannot be explained by differences in observed characteristics. Prejudices against Roma women are discussed and appear to explain the wage gap found here. The occupational segregation of the Roma in low-paid jobs and employers' statistical motivations are also found to influence wages earned by Roma. This study concludes that there is a need for better implementations of existing laws, rules and regulations which would counter the discrimination of minority women in the labor market. In addition, a better means of assessing workers' skill may contribute to the reduction of wage discrimination, as well as, greater educational achievement would significantly boost the economic status of Roma women. In its use of a random Roma sample and multivariate analysis, this study is a methodological advancement over previous studies of Roma employment, and it could inspire new efforts to compare wages by Roma background
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Men's Sexual Orientation and Job Satisfaction
Full text linkThis study investigates the differences in three aspects of job satisfaction – total pay, promotion prospects, and respect received from one's supervisor – between male heterosexual and gay employees in Athens, Greece. Gay employees are found to be less satisfied according to all job satisfaction measures. Affect Theory proposes that the extent to which one values a given facet of work moderates how dissatisfied one becomes when one's expectations are not met. Furthermore, the data enable us to estimate that gay employees' job satisfaction is not associated more (as compared to heterosexuals' job satisfaction) with adverse mental health symptoms. This finding is crucial given the rising interest between job satisfaction and life satisfaction. Finally, wage gaps against gay employees are found after accounting for basic asymmetries. Interestingly, however, the wage gaps grow for very dissatisfied employees and shrink for very satisfied employees. As long as, the general patterns in Greece suggest that homosexual employees face labour market discrimination, gay employees will report being less satisfied at work. Actually, in this study, job satisfaction is associated with wage inequality. This research initiates efforts to compare job satisfaction based on sexual orientation.job satisfaction, sexual orientation
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