307,046 research outputs found
Distributed Cognition: Cognizing, Autonomy and the Turing Test
No full textSome of the papers in this special issue distribute cognition between what is going on inside individual cognizers’ heads and their outside worlds; others distribute cognition among different individual cognizers. Turing’s criterion for cognition was individual, autonomous input/output capacity. It is not clear that distributed cognition could pass the Turing Test
A holistic-cognitive approach for success
No full textThe success of technology, including biometrics, depends on a whole range of factors, and only a small subset of them relate to the technology being able to perform and deliver to its technical specifications. In this article Dr Itiel Dror, a cognitive scientist, explains how other factors such as interface design, operating procedures and training also play a vital rol
Decision making under time pressure: an independent test of sequential sampling models
No full textChoice probability and choice response time data from a risk-taking decision-making task were compared with predictions made by a sequential sampling model. The behavioral data, consistent with the model, showed that participants were less likely to take an action as risk levels increased, and that time pressure did not have a uniform effect on choice probability. Under time pressure, participants were more conservative at the lower risk levels but were more prone to take risks at the higher levels of risk. This crossover interaction reflected a reduction of the threshold within a single decision strategy rather than a switching of decision strategies. Response time data, as predicted by the model, showed that participants took more time to make decisions at the moderate risk levels and that time pressure reduced response time across all risk levels, but particularly at the those risk levels that took longer time with no pressure. Finally, response time data were used to rule out the hypothesis that time pressure effects could be explained by a fast-guess strategy
The dynamics within and between decisions
No full textUsing a card game similar to the game of black-jack participants made decisions whether to take an additional card, trying to maximize the sum of cards without going 'bust.' Using this paradigm, Dror, Busemeyer, and Basola (1999) observed the dynamics within each single decision. In the study reported here we examined the dynamics between decisions. We observed whether participants modified their decisions as they advanced through the sequence of decisions. Each of the 32 participants in this study was tested on two occasions; once on a sequence of 153 decisions and once on a sequence of 459 decisions. In each sequence, participants were regularly notified how many decisions they have made and how many more there were before the end. Examination of the data within each sequence revealed that participants modified response thresholds and the use of information as they approached the end of the sequence of decisions
Offloading Cognition onto Cognitive Technology
No full text"Cognizing" (e.g., thinking, understanding, and knowing) is a mental state. Systems without mental states, such as cognitive technology, can sometimes contribute to human cognition, but that does not make them cognizers. Cognizers can offload some of their cognitive functions onto cognitive technology, thereby extending their performance capacity beyond the limits of their own brain power. Language itself is a form of cognitive technology that allows cognizers to offload some of their cognitive functions onto the brains of other cognizers. Language also extends cognizers' individual and joint performance powers, distributing the load through interactive and collaborative cognition. Reading, writing, print, telecommunications and computing further extend cognizers' capacities. And now the web, with its network of cognizers, digital databases and software agents, all accessible anytime, anywhere, has become our “Cognitive Commons,” in which distributed cognizers and cognitive technology can interoperate globally with a speed, scope and degree of interactivity inconceivable through local individual cognition alone. And as with language, the cognitive tool par excellence, such technological changes are not merely instrumental and quantitative: they can have profound effects on how we think and encode information, on how we communicate with one another, on our mental states, and on our very nature
SAHD : sistema administrativo Habonim Dror
No full textOrientador : Alexander Robert KutzkeTrabalho (Graduação) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica, Curso em Tecnologia em Análise e Desenvolvimento de Sistemas.Inclui referênciasResumo : O Habonim Dror Brasil é um movimento juvenil judaico, sionista socialista brasileiro, integrante do Habonim Dror mundial. Habonim Dror em hebraico (...... .... ..... ) significa 'construtores da liberdade', e essa tradução denota seu compromisso com a libertação do senso crítico que existe dentro de cada um. Atualmente o Habonim Dror busca educar seus membros segundo os valores do Judaísmo Cultural Humanista e do Sionismo Socialista de modo a fortalecer os pensamento crítico e tornar seus participantes mais ativos pessoalmente e em sociedade. Dessa forma se estabelece também um fortalecimento cultural e o exercício da raiz do pensamento para que esta se fortaleça em meio aos jovens. Para realizar essa missão, o grupo de participantes mais velhos realiza rodas de conversa, trabalhos de aprimoramento pessoal e envolve crianças em discussões construtivas à respeito da cultura judaica. Como o grupo é composto apenas de jovens e todos os processos de gestão são manuais (gerando desperdício de tempo e recursos), notou-se a necessidade de organizar em processos e automatizar algumas tarefas, focando inicialmente na documentação. O projeto descrito nesta monografia visa colaborar com a organização, compreendendo e cumprindo os princípios do Movimento. Buscamos também que cada indivíduo que utilize o sistema tenha também um crescimento pessoal ao aliar as metas do trabalho social que realizam com a tecnologia disponibilizada atualmente, criando um senso de organização pessoal ao entender a importância dessa aplicação para uma melhor gestão de suas funções. No projeto, criamos um software onde constam funcionalidades facilitadoras para que os responsáveis pelas atividades possam se organizar e realizar com mais facilidade o trabalho que esse movimento vêm desempenhando já há tantos anos
Perception is far from perfection. The role of the brain and mind in constructing realities.
No full textWhen viewed from a distance, visual hallucinations fall into one of two symptom patterns, a dichotomy which poses a problem for theoretical models treating them as a single entity. Such models should be broadened to allow for two distinct but overlapping syndromes – one likely to relate to visual de-afferentation, the other to Perception and Attention Deficit (PAD) cholinergic pathology
Land mines and gold mines in cognitive technologies
No full textTechnology has long played an important role in human activity. However, with technological advances we are witnessing major changes in the role technology plays. These changes are especially revolutionary in two senses: First, new technologies are playing greater than ever roles in human cognitive activities. These activities include: 1. New levels of cognitive interactions between people. These interactions, both quantitatively and qualitatively, are at an intensity and scale that allow new forms of cognition to emerge, such as distributed cognition. 2. Technologies that cognitize with us, thus playing an active part in our cognitive processes and constituting themselves as inherent components in human cognition. 3. These new technologies do not only cognitize with us, but they also cognitize for us. In this sense they go beyond supplementing human cognition; rather than playing a facilitating role they actually take over and replace certain aspects in human cognition altogether
Cognitive science serving security: assuring useable and efficient biometric and technological solutions
No full textPerception of risk and the decision to use force
No full textThe quality of policing depends on making sound decisions. Many cognitive factors are involvedin decision making and these must be understood and harnessed so as to enhance the quality of decisionstaken by police officers. In this paper, I discuss two different decision-making systems (deliberative andexperiential), and how decision factors (such as complexity), internal factors (such as expectations), andexternal factors (such as time pressure) all come together in deciding whether or not to use force. Providingproper training and correctly utilising technology can enhance an officer’s ability to make sound decisions
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