1,720,963 research outputs found
Spatiotemporal dynamics of urban health: Physiological data driven strategies for enhancing urban health and wellbeing
Full text linkUniversity of Technology Sydney. Faculty of Design, Architecture and Building.The starting point for this research was the emergence of physiological data as a source of information that can help us understand how our interactions with the urban environment affect the human body. There is significant potential in extending existing methods for physiological data analysis in the urban domain in a way that maximises the benefits at the individual and the city scale. Physiological data could be used to identify the least stressful route, but there is currently a lack of research on their incorporation in pathfinding studies. The area of prediction of physiological responses during outdoor walking has also been understudied.
This study aims to address these issues by designing a methodology for collection and analysis of physiological data in the urban space. The methodology incorporates three components: (1) the collection and analysis of physiological data at an individual level, (2) the hotspot analysis of physiological responses at a city scale, and (3) the utilisation of the collected data in models for prediction of physiological responses, and pathfinding methods for the identification of the least stressful route. The methods and algorithms for each component of the methodology are calibrated using data collected in Sydney from experiments organised by the author, and publicly available data from a previous study conducted in Zürich.
The study acts as a pilot project that will pave the way towards large-scale experiments in this area. Its main contribution is that it supports the construction of tools for individuals who want to understand how different routes might affect their physiological responses, and have a calm experience while walking in the urban environment. It can also help researchers identify which parts of the city are associated with an increased intensity of physiological responses, possibly indicating increased stress levels. The construction of a theoretical and conceptual framework supporting the construction of the methodology also enriches current research on the links between urban environment, activity and physiological responses. Other methodological and practical contributions include the development of methods for analysing how movement may influence physiological responses as a physical stressor, and their incorporation in the designed methodology; also, the development of methods for identifying physical and psychological stressors from contextual data, based on freely available OpenStreetMap and Point of Interest data, as an alternative to image-based analysis which was used in previous studies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Socio-cultural factors and their role in determining altruism and other social behaviours
No full textThis study comparatively explores 8-10 year old children’s predisposition to altruism in Greece and G. Britain. The research objective is to dissect and compare children’s tendency to express altruistic behaviour on a par with emotion recognition and expression of empathy in the two countries under study. The relationship between these prosocial variables with socio-cultural factors, such as traditional values, family roles, parental views on altruistic behaviour and emotional proximity or distance between family members was examined. Children’s prosocial behaviour was studied by utilising the method of stories. Social and cultural parameters were investigated by using a composite questionnaire for parents, consisting of the Personality/Desirable Personality Traits questionnaire, the Family Values questionnaire, the Family Roles questionnaire and Bogardus’s Social Distance Scale. Factor analysis was conducted for each subscale of the composite questionnaire and factor equivalence using Tucker φ was subsequently evaluated before comparatively analysing each subscale for the two countries. Findings demonstrate that children in Greece express empathy to a higher extent than their British counterparts. In addition, Greek children seem to have a greater tendency to altruistic behaviour than British children. The correlation between children’s prosocial attributes and each socio-cultural parameter in each country is discussed with reference to previous research and established theory.Η παρούσα διατριβή διερευνά την αλτρουιστική προδιάθεση παιδιών ηλικίας 8-10 ετών σε δύο διαφορετικά κοινωνικο-πολιτισμικά περιβάλλοντα, την Ελλάδα και τη Μ. Βρετανία. Σκοπός της διδακτορικής διατριβής είναι να μελετηθούν η πρόθεση των παιδιών να εκδηλώσουν αλτρουιστική συμπεριφορά και ενσυναίσθηση καθώς και η ικανότητά τους να αναγνωριζουν συναισθήματα. Διερευνάται, επίσης, η σχέση των παραπάνω μεταβλητών με κοινωνικο-πολιτισμικές μεταβλητές, όπως είναι οι παραδοσιακές οικογενειακές αξίες, οι οικογενειακές λειτουργίες και η συναισθηματική εγγύτητα των μελών μέσα στην οικογένεια. Οι θετικά προσανατολισμένες κοινωνικές συμπεριφορές των παιδιών μελετήθηκαν με τη βοήθεια της μεθόδου των ιστοριών, ενώ οι ανωτέρω κοινωνικές παράμετροι μελετήθηκαν με τη χρήση ενός σύνθετου ερωτηματολογίου που αποτελείται από τα εξής: ερωτηματολόγιο προσωπικότητας – επιθυμητή συμπεριφορά, ερωτηματολόγιο παραδοσιακών οικογενειακών αξιών, ερωτηματολόγιο οικογενειακών ρόλων και λειτουργιών και ερωτηματολόγιο συναισθηματικής εγγύτητας. Ελέγχθηκε η δομική ισοτιμίαπαραγοντικών δομών των μεταβλητών κάθε υποκλίμακας του ερωτηματολογίου στα δύο πολιτισμικά δείγματα και οι στατιστικές αναλύσεις σύγκρισης πραγματοποιήθηκαν σε όσες μεταβλητές παρουσίασαν δομική ισοτιμία. Τα ευρήματα που προκύπτουν δείχνουν ότι τα παιδιά στην Ελλάδα δείχνουν σε υψηλότερο βαθμό ενσυναίσθηση και πρόθεση να εκδηλώσουν αλτρουιστική συμπεριφορά συγκριτικά με τα παιδιά στη Μ. Βρετανία. Οι συσχετίσεις που προέκυψαν ανάμεσα στις εν λόγω προθέσεις των παιδιών και στους επιμέρους κοινωνικο-πολιτισμικούς παράγοντες του σύνθετου ερωτηματολογίου των γονέων αποτελούν τη βάση της συζήτησης, όπου επιχειρείται συναγωγή συμπερασμάτων και η ερμηνεία τους με βάση τις υπάρχουσες θεωρίες
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Context-and Movement-Aware Analysis of Physiological Responses in The Urban Environment Using Wearable Sensors
No full textUnderstanding the way that the urban environment affects the human body is important for the advancement of urban health and wellbeing. Wearable technologies can be used to collect data related to physiological responses, such as electrodermal activity (EDA). However, it is difficult to interpret data collected in the wild without contextual information. Previous studies in the urban domain have also ignored the effect of exercise as a stressor. This study emphasizes the possible effects of movement on physiological responses during outdoor walking, and presents a methodology for analyzing physiological responses based on activity data and freely available contextual data from OpenStreetMap. The methodology is applied to analyze the physiological responses of walkers while navigating an outdoor route in Sydney, Australia. Statistical analysis is conducted to identify the effect of selected urban features and movement on physiological responses. The results suggest that the duration and intensity of activity, as well as the density of mixed-use affect physiological responses significantly.</p
- …
