1,720,966 research outputs found
Philippine democracy reexamined
Get PDFJournal article
This article appeared in an offprint of the journal Historical Bulletin, with the title "Philippine Democracy Reexamined"With lucid and alarming candor, the author cites unconscious habits and attitudes, as well as powerful social forces, that resist the growth of democracy here. He reveals the immaturity of our people in many significant ways and feels that democracy doesn’t work in the Philippines because it can’t. However, he says that if our people and institutions are honest enough to recognize and admit the serious shortcomings, then there might be hope. Otherwise, he views, with characteristic mordancy, that the deepening shadows of authoritarianism will continue to lengthen. Evolution as an engine of change, rather than armed revolution, might be the way out, provided our society can wake up and be resilient to transform its present undemocratic spirit.
To the question—Does democracy work in the Philippines?— the answer could well be yes and no, probably more no than yes. Or a better answer might be, superficially yes. And very seriously, no.
If the question were phrased differently—“Can democracy work here?” — the answer would have to deal with the ability and power of the people to make it work. That ability and that power are shaped and limited by the framework of the prevailing institutions. Therefore, the answer in essence could well be the same, “Democracy doesn’t work here because it can’t.” It can’t, because of the character of the framework
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
A study of the causes of withdrawals and failures of students in Pototan High School for the period covering 1946 to 1951 with suggested remedial measures
Get PDFIntroductionSince the start of the organized system of education in the Philippines, millions of pesos have been spent every year for the uplift and enlightenment of our people, especially the youth of the land. Even after fifty-three years of American tutelage and guidance our country is still about fifty per cent illiterate. Since then, there is an enormous wastage of school funds; there is a tremendous wastage of time; there is a parallel wastage of human energy. The long entrenched bigotry and narrow mindedness are still deeply rooted in the hearts of many of our people and colonial mentality still persists. What are the causes of all these things?
Our leaders through our constitution had made implicit the aims of an education suited to our needs, culture, and temperament. They had the noble purpose of building a strong and prosperous nation by utilizing both its human and natural resources. They had a living vision of making every Filipino citizen a useful, well-rounded individual, possessed with an integrated personality. The foundation of these aims can not bo doubted; it is in their execution that we find stumbling blocks. Because of this our government is wasting money, time, and effort and our people suffer.
Education is indeed one of the greatest hopes in guiding our bewildered people through the uncertainties of social change. To be effective that education must meet the demands and challenge of the time. To be functional, that education must not only get interested in classroom activities and not only prepare the children for the future, but should equip the child to live his life today in the changing world in which he finds himself. The utter futility of teaching the child to prepare himself for the future is made potent by the fact that at the rate that social changes are taking place around us, no one knows just what of that we teach him now will indeed be of use to him in the uncertain future. The best that we can do is to equip him to live his life today, to solve his problem today, to think of the solutions of his perplexities today. Those experiences are strong educational foundations that will guide him to meet the future and face the problems that come with it. However, in our effort to educate the child to be a well-rounded individual sufficient to meet the problems in life that may come in his way, it is not enough that we concentrate all our efforts on the child alone. We must open our eyes to the education of the people who directly or indirectly influence his life. Something must be done to the environment where he resides and the other factors that have important bearing on his growth. It is therefore imperative that educators should go beyond the school, far into the nooks and corners of the community and the people living there, integrating them through their experiences, thus developing a dynamic group action and influencing both in the process of emerging interaction. The child is not the only one educated, but also the members of his immediate family. Whatever the child learns and experiences will be learned and experienced by the members of his family, and whatever is experienced and learned by the members of his family is experienced by him. There is continuous interaction, adjustment and re-adjustment. There is continuous education taking place in the community. The homes become the school and the community becomes a great university, and everybody in the home and the community become teacher and pupil, sharing their experiences, skills, knowledge and abilities with one another.
One of the perplexing problems in education is withdrawals and failures. A high percentage of students in the public or private elementary and secondary schools withdraw before the termination of the school year. Many fail in most of the subjects taught. When students fail or withdraw from schools, the educational chain that ties every home in the community to the school is weakened. It is therefore imperative that a thorough study of this problem be undertaken and proper remedial measures given for its solution.
This thesis is a study of the causes of withdrawals and failures, covering five and one half years of school life and activities of Pototan High School from the year 1946 to 1951 and including the first semester of the school year 1951-1952, with the idea of suggesting remedial measures that might prevent and correct further leakage. The causes of withdrawals and failures in other high schools nay be similar or may vary slightly from that of Pototan High School, so that whatever remedial measures arc suggested may apply to the same of similar problems existing in those high schools.
To secure information and data for this study, the following documentary sources were used: the school records from 1946 through the first semester of the school year 1951-1952; the provincial and municipal agencies; the branch of the United States Information Library in Pototan and the local newspaper. Data and information taken from these sources were supplemented by interviews with the students and their parents and also with local officials and leaders of the community.
AH school records from the time the Pototan High School started are kept in the office of the principal. Records of the provincial and municipal agencies are also kept in their own offices.Includes bibliographical referencesMaster of Arts in Educatio
The biological approach to a study of the health of a rural community
Get PDFIntroduction and statement of the problemBiology is the science of life, but many lives are being lost due to the ravages of such diseases as tuberculosis, beriberi, acute bronchitis, bronchipneumonia, diarrhea enteritis, influenza, dysentery and whooping cough. Advancement in science has made it possible to cure and prevent these diseases, but something hinders the progress and the success of medical health, This hindrance is the "quack mentality" which is widespread among the people in the rural areas. It appears that the best means of counteracting this mentality is the rigid application of the biological laws and the proper dissemination of health education and sanitary conditions among the people of the rural community.
Biology is valuable as an informational basis of morals and civics as it is for health. The leaders in health and health education within a few years will come largely from the high school students of today. Knowledge brings light. The student must know the past, the present and the future of health to awaken the challenge within him concerning his personal health, the health of the family and of the community. There can be no doubt that a knowledge of the essentials of health and of the means of preventing or controlling communicable diseases, and familiarity with the community resources is a protection of the individual. As the level of health education rises in a community, the morbidity and mortality rates may be expected to fall. It has been demonstrated by the scientists that when the cause and the mode of transmission are known, a communicable disease can be practically wiped out in a community.
The problem. It was the purpose of this study (1) to discover the principal factors that affect the health of a rural community; (2) to reveal the infectious agents of diseases and to suggest ways to help reduce, if not entirely eradicate, the incidence of the great numbers of preventable diseases; (3) to point out the common necessary food elements found in the community; (4) to suggest ways of enriching the secondary school curriculum; and (5) to make changes in the course offerings for the prospective teachers of biology.Includes bibliographical referencesMaster of Arts in Educatio
The need for an adequate guidance program in the private secondary schools in Iloilo City
Get PDFIntroduction and statement of the problemThe close of the last war has brought a great influx of students with retarded education. This situation plus all the economic and social changes of the post-war period have brought about numerous and perplexing problems which before were not apparent. These problems are now increasing into such alarming proportions that school administrators, teachers, and parents are desperately seeking for a solution, to the end that youth may grow up to be happy and useful members of their homes and communities. The schools must take a dominant role in this search and assume the responsibility for giving citizenship training to the students. This training, which may be called a guidance program, includes guidance in the educational, vocational, social-civic, moral, and recreational aspects of life. These various aspects are not to be segregated and treated independently of each other, but rather should operate as an integrated whole.
The aim of educational guidance is the intelligent direction of students in the choice of curricula and of courses within the curricula and in their choice of other institutions of learning if education is to be continued beyond the student’s present school.
The aim of vocational guidance is to assist the individual student to choose an occupation, prepare for it, enter upon it, and progress in it. It is concerned primarily with helping individuals make decisions and choices involved in planning a future and building a career, making decision, and making choices necessary in effecting satisfactory vocational adjustments.
The objectives of social-civic guidance involve all those activities of the schools which lead students to become cooperative members of the school society. They aim further to direct pupils so that the training will carry over into social life outside the school and to prepare the students to perform properly their duties in society and enjoy the privileges of adult citizenship.
The moral aspect of guidance relates to the moral and spiritual side of life. It trains the students in matters of spiritual welfare. It sets the standards for righteousness, truthfulness, and honesty.
The recreational aspect of guidance aims to provide wholesome activities in which the students may whole-heartedly engage. Games, sports, special courses in music, art, drama, playground activities, directed reading and the like are included in this description. Those worthwhile activities should challenge the students' powers, abilities, and interests, and lead them to form wholesome tastes and attitudes.
The writer's experience as a classroom teacher for a number of years revealed to her the great need for an adequate guidance program for the private secondary schools in the City of Iloilo. Like all classroom teachers, she met various problems among the students which affected their studies in school. Truancy, frequent absences, and lack of Interest in study were found to be the results of many factors, primarily social and economic. Finally came the realization that high school students need a well-developed program of guidance, especially at present because their problems are related not only to their schools but also to the community.
In the City of Iloilo, a notable number of police cases were reported as having been committed by adolescents. It was found out that some of these young boys who wore leading a life of crime are sons or brothers of prominent and well-to-do citizens. Therefore poverty did not appear to be the cause of this problem.
Life in the city of Iloilo changed after the last war. The increased population has brought new problems of housing and of recreation. Young boys spend their time in unwholesome recreations like gambling. Some of the private secondary schools are located in the crowded section of the city, near movie theaters and bars.
Social and economic changes which culminated in the Huk movement in Panay were felt also in the city of Iloilo. Young boys are easy prey to the lure of adventure and exciting life of the lawless citizens of the Island of Panay.
It is a generally accepted fact that there has been a moral degradation of youth as a result of the war. Young boys have become less obedient, and less respectful. They have become careless and easy-going. Young students are not as earnest in their studies as students were before the war.
In view of the above, it is felt that there is a need for an adequate guidance program for young high school students for their own sakes, and for the welfare of the community in general.
The purpose of this study then was to find out whether the private secondary schools in Iloilo City have adequate guidance programs to help and direct students in their pursuit of knowledge and to enable them to make the most of the time, efforts, and money they spend in school and to recommend a guidance program better organized to help the students realize the ultimate objectives of education.Includes bibliographical referencesMaster of Arts in Educatio
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
An appraisal of pupil activity in the Iloilo community school program
Get PDFIntroduction and statement of the problemThe emergence of the community school in the Philippines has brought about new educational methods and a need for survey of which every teacher or administrator ought to become cognizant. This appraisal involves not only the school but the community as well. This dual aspect of appraisal naturally gives rise to more complicated methods of appraising the child's growth and development — the challenge to all concerned with his education.
Appraisal in this thesis conveys the idea of survey through interviews, observations, visitations, and study of documentary records. Service projects, audio-visual materials, resource persons, and resource materials are used as means to this end.
Statement of the problem. The purpose of this study is (1) to appraise the work of the elementary and secondary schools of the Philippines which are organized on the community-school idea; (2) to show the relation of the school to the community; and (3) to study pupil activities in the community schools of Iloilo Province.
Need for this study. The pioneer community school was initiated in the province of Iloilo in 1948. It was not until a year later, however, that the idea became national in character. The division superintendents of the different schools adopted it in their convention at Baguio and the Director of Public Schools gave it his official sanction.
Due to this encouragement, unremitting efforts have been exerted by some division superintendents since then to carry on the program.
The philosophy of the community school makes the school the heart of the community in the sense that it is supported by the people, operates under the cooperative efforts of the school and the community, and works for the common good of both entities. This philosophy necessitates a new method of appraisal.
In the words of the late Division Superintendent of Schools of Bataan, “We are changing our educational values, and we must now change our educational evaluation. Since mere knowledge is no longer power unless it be well integrated with the entire personality, evaluation must now take cognizance of values other than mere bits of knowledge, other than mere isolated habits and skills. And since an individual attains his personality’s fullest flowering and realizes his best possible self only in the set ting of his social and civic participations, evaluation in education must also gauge the quality of his growth as he participates in the development of his community and his total social environment. Evaluation in total education must be well-integrated with the total community service and classroom-reorganization program.”
One cannot see how a pencil-and-paper testing program can adequately evaluate the development of character, person al discipline, civic conscience, and vocational efficiency, as well as the teaching of duties of citizenship. These fundamental objectives of education in the Philippines can hardly be measured objectively.
Education that concerns the whole child takes an organismic view rather than the atomistic view of appraisal.
It includes the evaluation of the intangibles and the subjective qualities. We deal with these varied interacting motives and impulses. We deal with the ever-changing social setting of the human personality. The evaluation involves almost unpredictable interactions — goals, motives, conflicts, tensions, and readjustment.
A method of appraisal that may reveal the child’s growth and development must be sought. Because the appraisal is a continuous process, the participation of parents and teachers as well as the pupils themselves becomes imperative. It is of major importance that the pupil will have a part and that his appraisal will be in terms of goals that are desirable and attainable. To secure evidence on the intangible outcomes necessitates the use of a number of technics.
No single technique will prove adequate no matter how objective it may be. The teacher must know more about the pupil — his home and community background, his physical and mental health, his habits and attitudes, his educational experience, and his intelligence quotient.
This study attempts to survey through interviews, observations, visitations, and study of documentary records some of the accomplishments and the values of the community school program in Iloilo Province.Includes bibliographical referencesMaster of Arts in Educatio
- …
