1,720,955 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Assembly of polymer matrices enveloping cubic lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles for drug delivery applications
No full text© 2012 Dr. Chantelle Dana Driever (Loevborg)Cubic lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles (cubosomes™) exhibit great potential as drug delivery vehicles due to their nanoscale size, biocompatible constituents, and high loading potential for hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and amphiphilic agents. However, they also suffer from some limitations which have restricted their clinical effectiveness. For example, they release their cargo in a rapid, uncontrolled manner— a phenomenon known as burst release. In addition, the lipids which form reverse cubic phase typically do not contain surface functional groups for the immobilisation of targeting or stealth providing moieties.
Polymeric capsules, in particular those made with the layer-by-layer technique, are able to modify the release properties of a loaded drug according to the number and nature of polymer layers. Many of the polymers employed also contain available functional groups for additional chemistry. However polymeric capsules can be difficult to efficiently load with therapeutic agents, particularly when the drugs are lipid soluble. Additionally, the removal of the capsule core template often requires conditions that can cause instability. This thesis examined the use of polymers to modulate the properties of cubosomes with the intention to aid stability, limit burst release, add potential functionality, and increase the payload.
Different methods used to prepare stable, well dispersed amphiphilic cubosomes (high pressure homogenisation, extrusion, and ultrasonication) were analysed and compared. The effect of an additive to the aqueous environment (such as sodium chloride or phosphate buffered saline (PBS)) was also investigated. Certain additives to the amphiphile matrix such as the charged lipids cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), dioctadecyl-dimethylammonium bromide (DODAB) or sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) were found to cause structural changes to both bulk and dispersed cubic phase but could be tolerated up to a certain quantity before complete destabilisation occurred.
Integrating cubic nanoparticles and polymer matrices was first accomplished by coating silica microparticles. This resulted in a multilayered polymer coating representing an embedded layer of cubosomes surrounded by poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) polyelectrolytes. Upon removal of the silica core, stable polymer microcapsules containing embedded cubic nanoparticles were obtained. A diversity of molecular encapsulation matrices is offered through the capsule core, polyelectrolyte layers, and the embedded cubosomes of these sub-compartmentalised, nanostructured microcapsules.
Individual cubic nanoparticles surrounded by polyelectrolyte multilayers were prepared next. The polymers were able to interact with the non-charged cubic lipid nanoparticles by utilising a polyelectrolyte modified with hydrophobic side chains (poly(methacrylic acid-co-oleyl methacrylate), PMAO) as an initial layer. Three bi-layers of poly(L-lysine) (PLL) and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA) were then sequentially added. In order to separate accrued polymer aggregates from the coated lipid nanoparticles, a simple technique was developed whereby centrifugation separated the less dense cubosomes for collection. Modulation of the drug release properties and attenuation of the burst release from coated cubosome particles was demonstrated using two model drugs (fluorescein and perylene).
The modified polymer PMAO was then utilised as an alternative stabiliser for lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles. The charge-stabilised particles were tested against the most commonly utilised steric stabiliser Pluronic F127 for stability and drug release characteristics. Although PMAO-stabilised nanoparticles still exhibited burst release, improved particle stability was observed over time and over a range of temperatures, including storage under refrigeration. A lesser amount of PMAO stabiliser and less energy input were also required to disperse the bulk lipid into discrete, uniform nanoparticles compared to Pluronic F127.
These studies demonstrate the viability of combining layer-by-layer polymer matrix technology with cubic lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles to enhance the future of drug delivery
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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