1,720,981 research outputs found
Organoids as a tool for fundamental and translational oncology research : Can organoids guide clinical decision making?
No full textOrganoids are mini-organs that can be grown in a petri-dish. These structures can be grown from different sources, including patient material. During my PhD, I have established the ‘recipe’ to grow organoids from the lining of the oral cavity, or tumors derived thereof. In the laboratory, these mini-tumors were subsequently exposed to a range of therapies currently used to treat cancer patients (like radiation and chemotherapy). In a small cohort of patients, we could compare the effect of radiation in patients with the response of organoids grown from their tumors. We saw that this organoid response can predict the response of the patient. We are now testing if this predictive potential holds true in a larger group of patients. If it does, this suggests that organoid-tests could help doctors make better informed decisions on which therapy to give to which patients (a concept also known as ‘personalized medicine’). We have also established pancreatic tumor organoids. Here, we saw that for organoids derived from each individual patient, a different drug worked best to kill the tumor cells. This is an interesting finding when you think about the fact that most of these patients will currently receive identical treatment. I have tried to use organoids in more ways to aid or complement the clinic. For example, we used them to study oral mucositis, a common side-effect of chemotherapy given to pediatric leukemia patients. Taken together, I have investigated if and how organoids can be used to develop better treatments for cancer patients
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
CRISPR/Cas 9 genome editing and its applications in organoids
No full textOrganoids are three-dimensional (3D) structures derived from adult or embryonic stem cells that maintain many structural and functional features of their respective organ. Recently, genome editing based on the bacterial defense mechanism CRISPR/Cas9 has emerged as an easily applicable and reliable laboratory tool. Combining organoids and CRISPR/Cas9 creates exciting new opportunities to study organ development and human disease in vitro. The potential applications of CRISPR in organoids are only beginning to be explored
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Author Correction: Establishment of patient-derived cancer organoids for drug-screening applications (Nature Protocols, (2020), 15, 10, (3380-3409), 10.1038/s41596-020-0379-4)
No full textA Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-021-00494-
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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