1,720,980 research outputs found
The epidemiology of diagnosed chronic renal failure in Southampton and Southwest Hampshire Health Authority
No full textThe study comprised an investigation of the incidence of chronic renal failure (CRF) in a defined English health authority and a retrospective cohort of newly incident cases of CRF.Incidence rates were derived from new cases in Southampton Health Authority (pop 404,547) 1992-94, as determined by a raised serum creatinine (SCr 150 mmol/L) from chemical pathology records. A retrospective study of all diagnosed CRF (n=1076) and a randomly selected sub-cohort (n=213) for detailed medial note search. Follow-up was until 31/12/98, mean 5 ½ years. Outcomes were mortality, referral to nephrologists and acceptance on to renal replacement therapy (RRT).The median age was 77, overall rate of CRF 1330 (1253-1412) per million population and the M:F rate ratio was 1.6 (1.4-1.8). Areas of high social deprivation had higher rates of CRF. By 31/12/98, 741 (69%) of cases had died. Less than 50% of cases are referred to a nephrologist with age and co-morbidity being negatively associated with referral. Acceptance for renal replacement therapy was also negatively associated with increasing age.CRF is relatively common especially in men, the elderly, those in deprived areas and amongst South Asians. Survival is poor in CRF. Mortality is high, 66% mortality at five years, with an excess in younger age groups and in women. Most cases never see a nephrologist and there is scope to increase referral by four times the current rate. Routine data were found to be incomplete and inaccurate requiring extensive cross-checking and validation. Investment is needed to improve the quality of routine data in the NHS.</p
A population-based study of the incidence and outcomes of diagnosed chronic kidney disease
No full textBackground: This study aims to determine the incidence rate and prognosis of detected chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a defined population.Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of all new cases of CKD from Southampton and South-West Hampshire Health Authority (population base, 405,000) determined by a persistently increased serum creatinine (SCr) level (?1.7 mg/dL [?150 µmol/L] for 6 months) identified from chemical pathology records. Follow-up was for a mean of 5.5 years for survival, cause of death, and acceptance to renal replacement therapy (RRT).Results: The annual incidence rate of detected CKD was 1,701 per million population (pmp; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1,613 to 1,793) and 1,071 pmp (95% CI, 1,001 to 1,147) in those younger than 80 years. There was a steep age gradient; median age was 77 years. The man-woman rate ratio was 1.6 (95% CI, 1.4 to 1.8), with a male excess in all age groups older than 40 years. Incidence increased in areas with greater socioeconomic deprivation. Median survival was 35 months. Age, SCr level, and deprivation index were all significantly associated with survival. Standardized mortality ratios were 36-fold in those aged 16 to 49 years, 12-fold in those aged 50 to 64 years, and more than 2-fold in those older than 65 years. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) was the most common cause of death (46%). Only 4% of patients were accepted to RRT.Conclusion: The incidence of diagnosed CKD is common, especially in the elderly, and is greater in more deprived areas. Prognosis is poor, with CVD prominent. More research is needed to assess the effectiveness and costs of increasing referral to nephrologists of patients with CKD
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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