1,107 research outputs found
Finance and Innovation System or Chaos
Full text linkThe present paper discusses an important part of the framework conditions for innovation in a number of European countries (France, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom) as well Japan and the United States through a comparison of the development of the financial systems in these countries. The main focus is whether a convergence can be observed between what is traditionally perceived as market based and credit based systems respectively. Based on quantitative statistics it is concluded that a convergence has taken place, and it is becoming increasingly more difficult to divide national financial systems into two main categories based on quantitative data alone. But differences still remain, and the paper continues by discussing reasons for convergence and divergence respectively. These reasons include internationalization, differences in industrial structure, as well as changes in national and international regulation. Before turning to a discussion of the policy perspectives of the observed development the paper discusses the financial systems ability to finance different types of transactions.Financial systems; innovation financing; economic integration and convergence
Comparing Patterns of Industrial Interdependence in National Systems of Innovation - A Study of Germany, the United Kingdom, Japan and the United States
No full textThis paper presents a quantitatively based method for comparing the structure of National Systems of Innovation (NSI). The emphasis is on technological interdependencies at the industrial level in Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. The mapping of the interdependencies, based on input-output tables, builds on a graph theoretical model (a minimal flow analysis). R&D expenses are used as the technology indicator. The NSI framework is taken as the point of departure. It is claimed that 'history matters', through relating historical descriptions and analyses of industrialization processes to the findings of structural analyses of R&D interdependencies within the NSIs. The paper shows that the national systems tend to cluster in two main 'bulks'. One is centred around industrial chemicals and/or pharmaceuticals, and the other is centred around communication equipment, electronics etc. In most cases these clusters do not appear to be closely technologically related through embodied R&D flows, i.e. it seems appropriate to assume that two distinct technology bases are at play.National Systems Of Innovation, Minimal Flow Analysis,
Studies of Clusters as a Basis for Industrial and Technology Policy in the Danish Economy
Full text linkThe main focus of the paper is on the recent development of clusters defined as “resource areas”. The concept has been a cornerstone in the technology and industrial policies laid out from the Danish Ministry of Business and Industry, since 1993. Earlier studies (industrial complexes) identified clusters using transactions, often in an input-output framework, while the present clusters are to a larger degree based upon a demand perspective. The paper firstly describes and assess the earlier industrial complex studies, and other related case studies of clusters of particular positions of strength in the Danish economy. The industrial complexes and micro-founded studies of Danish clusters, have all been either a direct input, or a reference point when developing the resource areas. However, the most direct influence have been the Danish Porter studies. Denmark participated as one of ten countries in M. E. Porter’s analysis of clusters of competitive advantages. Accordingly, the Danish Porter studies are summarised. In continuation hereof, the development of the methodology applied for developing the resource areas, is discussed in a historical perspective. Furthermore, different techniques for identifying industrial clusters are considered, including input-output approaches. Finally, the paper warns that theoretically based studies and practical policy actions do not always combine easily. Striking a balance between allowing for pragmatic policy making (with more than a single aim) on the one side, while not losing the theoretical foundation on the other, is an important task.Cluster based policies; industrial complexes; resource areas, innovative clusters
The birth and early years of INA, the International Neurotoxicology Association
No full textAbstractThe International Neurotoxicology Association (INA) is a scientific society whose members have interest and expertise in the discipline of neurotoxicology. The idea of forming INA was born in 1984, as a follow-up to a NATO-sponsored meeting on Toxicology of the Nervous System. INA held its first meeting in the Netherlands in 1987 and has had continuous meetings every other year since then. INA is registered as a scientific society in the Netherlands, and is an affiliated society of IUTOX. This paper presents a personal account of the events that led to the birth of INA, and of the first fifteen years of this association
Choice of Education - An empirical analysis of which factors affects the choice of education in Denmark
No full textMaster thesis: Social performance measurement and strategic management in social enterprises
No full textThis master thesis focuses on social performance measurement of social enterprises with employment orientation and how the chosen methods can enhance the strategic management in these certain enterprises. The research is conducted by committing semi-systematic literature review based on management, entrepreneurship, and innovation literature. This approach result-ed in exploration of three distinct methods for social impact measurement: Blended Value Accounting, Social Value Construct and Social Impact Assessment. In addition, a strategic tool of SMART was used as a template to structure the methods for analysis, and the analysis is supplemented by stakeholder engagement theory and strategic management approach. The results indicate that the methods represent very distinct approaches to social impact measurement, and that the results of the measurement are dependent on the stakeholder engagement which is integrated to strategic management objectives of the social enterprise. Moreover, it was identified, that in the model of market-oriented businesses with employment orientation, beneficiaries play a key role regardless of the strategic objective of the management, because of their double-role in the enterprise as value creators and beneficiaries of the social impact
Regional Growth. A Study of the Impact of Knowledge and Interregional Knowledge Spillovers on Growth in the European Regions
No full textDigital Transformation in Retail Logistics: Analysis of Mercadona and Carrefour in Last-Mile Delivery
No full text
Gender & Entrepreneurship in Denmark: Investigating Global & Local Gender Disparities
No full textThis research paper focuses on the gender gap in Denmark's entrepreneurial landscape. Despite Denmark's support for entrepreneurship, there are significantly fewer women entrepreneurs. The study aims to understand how this gender gap affects aspiring, current, or previous women entrepreneurs in Denmark by examining global reasons for lower female participation in entrepreneurship and interviewing five women entrepreneurs about their experiences. Key findings indicate that societal stereotypes, lack of female role models, internal challenges like self-doubt, and social security concerns are significant obstacles for women. Women often feel pressured to suppress their feminine traits in business, experience loneliness, and face media bias favouring successful male entrepreneurs. They also struggle with work-family balance, funding disparities, and being taken less seriously than men. Despite these challenges, the interviewed women still see entrepreneurship as an attractive career path, though some may delay starting a business or consider traditional jobs. The research suggests that increasing women in leadership roles, improving social security support, and changing media portrayals could help bridge the gender gap in entrepreneurship in Denmark
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