2,360 research outputs found
Factors Influencing the Number of Participants in Interscholastic Football in Selected Iowa High Schools, 1961-70
No full text51 leaves
A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Forward and Backward Chaining Procedures with Retarded Children
No full text25 leaves. Advisor: W. Scott WoodThe problem. Very little experimental evidence is available to indicate the conditions under which backward chaining procedures are most effective. This study compared the effectiveness of backward and forward chaining procedures with retarded children on a telephone dialing task.
Procedure. Four retarded children were taught to dial telephone numbers using forward and backward chaining procedures. The number of errors made by subjects as a function of the chaining condition was compared.
Findings. Two subjects performed better under the forward chaining conditions, one subject performed better under the forward chaining condition and another subject did not show a change in performanoe as a function of the chaining conditions.
Conclusions. The results were inconsistent with previous studies which indicated that forward chaining was more effective than backward chaining for all subjects studied.
Recommendations. Further research should be conducted to investigate the generality of the findings across subjects and tasks
A duck, a drake
No full textducks and drakesA duck, a drake, a salt water cake and a bottle of Brandy O. A riddle used when rocks are skimmed across the water. When the rock hits the water the first time the thrower would say "a duck". At the second hitting in the water he would say "a drake" and so on until the rock stopped skimming. If it skimmed more than four or five times then you would begin from the beginnig of your riddle.Not usedNot usedWithdraw
A duck, a drake
No full textducks and drakesA duck, a drake, a salt water cake and a bottle of Brandy O. A riddle used when rocks are skimmed across the water. When the rock hits the water the first time the thrower would say "a duck". At the second hitting in the water he would say "a drake" and so on until the rock stopped skimming. If it skimmed more than four or five times then you would begin from the beginnig of your riddle.Not usedNot usedWithdraw
Architecture in tension: an examination of the position of the architect in the private and public sectors, focusing on the training and careers of Sir Basil Spence (1907-1976) and Sir Donald Gibson (1908-1991)
No full textIn the early 1900s tensions began to appear within the architectural profession,
as private practitioners struggled to deal with the implications of professional
colleagues moving into public sector employment. Sir Basil Spence and Sir
Donald Gibson began their architectural training in the mid-1920s and, as
tensions between the sectors intensified, Spence entered private practice and
Gibson chose to enter the public sector. Each became an exemplar of his
chosen sector of the profession and yet both have, until recently, escaped
critical attention. The tensions between the public and private sectors of the
profession have been acknowledged within the historiography, but not received
detailed analysis.
This thesis advances the current historiography by presenting an examination
of the division between the sectors, focusing on the relationship between the
RIBA and the public sector union AASTA and assessing the influence of
AASTA on Gibson's Coventry City Architect's Department.
Through an examination of archival material, contemporary published material,
and buildings, this thesis builds on the work of the Sir Basil Spence Archive
Project, adding detailed accounts of his early life, architectural training, and
RIBA presidency, presenting new information and correcting certain aspects of
the accepted historiography. It likewise presents new information on Gibson's
early life and training and his central role in achieving improved status and
representation for the public sector. An analysis of selected projects provides a
comparative study of their contrasting approaches to architecture: the
technically informed, collaborative team-work of Gibson and the individual
artistry of Spence.
Both men played pivotal roles in reforming the RIBA and in changing public and
professional perceptions of the architect, nevertheless, the long lineage and
complex nature of tensions within the profession meant that the public/private
division was never be bridged and issues of status and representation
remained essentially immutable
"Protective effect of Placenta Growth Factor (PIGF) against hypoxia-reoxgyenation and serum-deprivation induced apoptosis in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes"
No full textKyle Bohman, Marin Schweizer and Bob Berendt are all Drake University students. Ronald J. Torry is Associate Professor of Pharmacology at Drake University. Donald S. Torry is a faculty member at the Southern Illinois University School of Medicine.Placenta growth factor (PlGF) is known to induce angiogenesis and protect placental trophoblast from apoptosis. We have shown that PlGF mRNA expression is increased in hypoxic human myocardium and in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. However, little is known regarding the function of PlGF in heart tissue. Others have shown that PlGF or PlGF/VEGF significantly inhibited apoptosis in endothelial cells from PlGF knockout mice and we have shown that PlGF rescues cultured trophoblast from apoptosis induced by serum deprivation. Accordingly, our hypothesis is that PlGF protects cardiomyocytes from ischemia-induced or serum deprivation-induced apoptosis. The role of PlGF will be investigated during cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by serum-deprivation and hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R)--physiological conditions relevant to ischemic cardiomyopathy. Hypoxic conditions were established by culturing the cells at 1-2% O2. Caspase-3,7 luminescence assay (Promega) was used to determine the level of activated Caspases 3 and 7. The caspase family of cysteine proteases, especially caspase-3, is central in amplifying the cascade of proteolysis that culminates in cell death. Serum-deprivation and H/R have been found to be consistent methods of creating ischemic stresses and inducing apoptosis in rat cardiomyocytes. Serum-deprivation produced a 1.55 fold increase of apoptosis over normoxic values (n=10). H/R lead to a 1.98 fold increase of apoptosis (n=1). Our preliminary data suggest that a PlGF (25ng/ml) or PlGF/VEGF (25ng/ml each) does not reduce apoptosis induced by serum-deprivation. However, an 8 hour pretreatment of PlGF (25ng/ml) by itself reduced caspase 3 activity by 25.5% (n=1) and 30.7% (n=3) during hypoxia or serum deprivation, respectively. The preliminary data show an 8 hour pretreatment with PlGF/VEGF (25ng/ml each) decreased caspase activity more than PlGF (25ng/ml) alone. Thus, early evidence indicates that pretreatment with PlGF or PlGF/VEGF may protect cardiomyocytes from hypoxia-reoxygenation and/or serum deprivation-induced apoptosis.Drake University, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Evaluating the development potential for intermodal transportation centers using the Miami Intermodal Center (MIC)
No full textThesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1996 [first author]; and, (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies, 1996 [second author].Includes bibliographical references (leaves 143-151).by Omar F. del Rio and Donald R. Hackstaff.M.S
Seed Ecology In Montane Forests On O‘ahu: Implications For Conservation
No full textHawai‘i is renowned for its unique biota, and for the degree to which that biota is imperiled by extinction. Key threats to the native flora include alien herbivores, the loss of mutualists, and competition with alien species. Ecological restoration on the islands focuses on removing alien ungulates, reducing invasive alien plants, and increasing native diversity and recruitment. Oʻahu is the most populated island and has lost the highest proportion of forest cover compared to other main Hawaiian Islands. Forest communities are dominated by alien plants at lower elevations but retain increasing native diversity at higher elevations. All forest types have lost all native seed dispersers, which may significantly alter the recruitment of native species. Ongoing restoration efforts on Oʻahu, in combination with novel interactions between alien birds and both alien and native plants, provide a unique opportunity to investigate novel interactions and assess the effects of restoration efforts to reduce invasive alien plants and increase the recruitment of native plant species. I conducted three field studies on O‘ahu investigating various aspects of seed ecology. In Chapter 2, I used seed rain traps and vegetation surveys, in three mixed and one native forest community, to investigate the distribution, reproduction, and dispersal of native and alien species adapted for bird dispersal. At all sites, alien seeds were more abundant in the seed rain and more frequently dispersed than native species, even where alien species made up <5% of the vegetation cover. Abundant alien species both in the vegetation and seed rain are among the most invasive alien species in the world. In Chapter 3, I measured and compared the seed rain and vegetation of native and alien bird-adapted species and the wind-dispersed native tree Metrosideros polymorpha in a three-year-old clear-cut surrounded by relatively intact forest to understand whether clear-cutting an invasive tree, Psidium cattleyanum, facilitates native plant regeneration. Two invasive alien understory species, Clidemia hirta and Rubus rosifolius, were the most abundant species in the seed rain in both habitats and the most abundant vegetation in the clear-cut. Seeds of the dominant native tree, Metrosideros polymorpha, were dispersed into the clear-cut, but few seedlings occurred, possibly owing to microsite limitation. In Chapter 4, I investigated the effect of canopy cover on the germination and seedling survival of four common native plant species—Alyxia stellata, Coprosma foliosa, Dianella sandwicensis, and Leptecophylla tameiameiae—in a managed mesic forest. Germination of A. stellata and C. foliosa was positively correlated with canopy cover. Germination of D. sandwicensis, and L. tameiameiae was independent of canopy cover. Invasive alien plants are regenerating more vigorously and more frequently dispersed than natives under current conditions. Two small-seeded alien species, C. hirta and R. rosifolius, are the most prolific invasive aliens in the seed rain and disperse into most forest microsites. Native recruitment is limited in all forest types and native species may benefit from human-mediated dispersal. Seed sowing in appropriate microsites is a potential method for increasing recruitment of common species.Ph.D
Quantifying the Effect of Water Temperature, Soap Volume, Lather Time, and Antimicrobial Soap as a Factor in the Removal of Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 from Hands
No full textThe handwashing literature, while extensive, often contains conflicting data and key variables are understudied or not studied at all. Some handwashing recommendations are made without scientific support, and there is limited agreement between recommendations. The influence of key variables including soap volume, lather time, water temperature, and product formulation on hand wash efficacy was investigated. Baseline conditions were 1 mL of a bland (nonantimicrobial) soap, a 5 s lather time, and 38 °C (100 °F) water temperature. A nonpathogenic strain of Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 served as the challenge microorganism. Twenty volunteers (10 men, 10 women) participated in the study and each test condition had 20 replicates. An antimicrobial soap formulation (1% chloroxylenol, or PCMX) was not significantly different from the bland soap at removing E. coli under a variety of test conditions. Overall, the antimicrobial soap used in this study had a mean 1.94 log CFU reduction (range 1.83 to 2.10 mean log reduction), and bland soap had a mean 2.22 log CFU reduction (range 1.91 to 2.54 mean log CFU reduction). Overall, lather time did significantly influence efficacy in one scenario, in which a 0.5 greater log reduction was observed for a 20 s with bland soap compared to the baseline wash (P=0.020). Water temperature as high as 38°C (100°F) vs. a low of 15°C (60°F) did not have a significant effect on the reduction of bacteria during hand washing, however this resulted in an energy usage difference between the temperatures. No significant differences were observed between mean log reductions of men and women (men= 2.08 mean log reduction, women=2.08 mean log reduction, P=0.988). A large part of the variability in the data observed was between the volunteers. Understanding what behaviors and human factors influence hand washes the most may help future studies find which techniques can optimize the effectiveness of a hand wash.Peer reviewe
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