1,720,982 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
MUC13 Enhances Colorectal Cancer Metastasis
Full text linkColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancer worldwide with a 5% lifetime incidence in developed countries. It is third most common cause of cancer related death in the United States and the second deadliest when men and women are combined. Encouragingly due to changes in dietary lifestyle, screening colonoscopy, and advancement in treatments the mortality has decreased in recent years. Most sporadic CRCs develop from polyploid adenomas and are preceded by intramucosal carcinomas (stage 0), which can progress into more malignant forms. This developmental process is known as the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Early detection and endoscopic removal are crucial for CRC management. The overall 5-year survival of CRC jumps noticeably from 66% to 91% if it can be diagnosed and treated at early stages but drops down to 14% when the disease has metastasized. Metastasis is the cause of 90% of all cancer related deaths, which necessitates the need to understand the mechanisms regulating different progression steps. Metastasis is a complex and multistep process, whereby cancer cells leave the primary tumor and colonize in new tissues. However, only about 0.02% of tumor cells that detach from the primary tumor are successful in forming a metastatic lesion. After intravasation, anchorage independent survival (Anoikis resistance) of primary tumor cell is one of the key steps in metastasis.
The mucin MUC13 when aberrantly overexpressed in cancer has been found to lead to poor outcomes in Pancreatic, Ovarian, Liver, and Colorectal cancer. When overexpressed in these cancers MUC13 has been shown to increase the oncogenic activity and survival of cancer cells. The oncogenic nature of MUC13 indicates a possible role in the development of Anoikis resistance and CRC metastasis.
To understand the mechanism behind Anoikis resistance we developed and optimized an Anoikis induction model using the low adhesion poly hema coated cell culture dishes. Two isogenic cell lines SW480 (primary tumor site) and SW620 (metastatic tumor site) were used for this study. In our initial experiments SW620 demonstrated less cell death compared to SW480 during Anoikis induction. High MUC13 expression was observed in SW620 between 24-36 hours compared at 0 hours. SW620 further showed an increase in the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 also. Overexpression of MUC13 in SW480 (SW480+MUC13) cells increased oncogenic phenotype such as invasion, migration, proliferation, and colony size as compared to SW480+Vector control cells. Downregulation of MUC13 in SW620 cells resulted in decreased oncogenic traits.
The role of MUC13 in Anoikis resistance was further investigated in the overexpression and knockdown cell lines. When overexpressing MUC13 in SW480 cells we found increased survival compared to SW480+Vector cells. Bcl2 expression increased while Cleaved-Caspase 3 showed decreased expression in SW480+MUC13 compared to SW480+Vector cells. Increased MUC13 expression also increased the metastatic potential of SW480 cells in mice. After 36 hours of Anoikis induction and then injection into mice through the tail vein, MUC13 mice had an increased tumor burden compared to Vector mice, with METs forming in the liver, kidneys, and lungs. This would indicate that MUC13 plays a larger part in CRC metastasis and specific in the development of Anoikis resistance.
To understand the mechanism involving MUC13 in Anoikis resistance, we studied kinases after Anoikis induction in the cell lines, followed by quantitative proteomics. We were able to find changes in transcription factor YAP1 and YAP1 and β-catenin, which are known to play vital roles in cellular development. In recent studies YAP1 and β-catenin have been shown to form a complex that promotes tumor cell survival and increased tumorigenesis. High MUC13 expression between 24-36hrs was observed, leading to an increase in nuclear localization of the known survival complex YAP1/β-catenin. Further in-vitro analysis indicated that MUC13 plays a vital role through direct cooperation with YAP1 and β-catenin, and together with increased nuclear localization of YAP1/MUC13 and β-catenin/MUC13 complexes, results in increase expression of pro-survival genes. This relationship was further examined and validated in an in-vivo mouse model, in which high MUC13 expression led to increased YAP1 and β-catenin expression and tumorigenesis. A correlation was further observed between MUC13 and YAP1 expression in human CRC patient tissue samples with high expression in tumor tissues compared to NAT and increased nuclear localization with elevated expression for both MUC13 and YAP1. The novel interaction between YAP1 and MUC13 defines a new mechanism in which cells develop Anoikis resistance in CRC.
Genetic variations in genes are a well-known aspect of most diseases. This is especially true for cancer. Genetic variations in mucins such as MUC1 and MUC5AC have been found to increase the risk of stomach cancer and certain Allele mutations nearly doubling that risk in. We investigated if MUC13 had any genetic variants and found 5 different splice variants. Three of those splice variants were found to be non-coding. We then investigated the two protein coding variants consisted of a 512aa (Long form) and 187aa (Short form). We found that MUC13-LF was responsible for generating the oncogenic phenotype associated with adherent MUC13 expression. MUC13-SF however, showed a decrease in migration and invasion when overexpressed in MUC13 null cell lines.
These studies suggest an oncogenic function of MUC13 in CRC via influencing multiple signaling pathways however, its role in cancer metastasis is remains elusive. In this study, we discovered how MUC13 facilitates metastasis after dissemination of tumor cells from the primary tumor site through influencing interaction and nuclear translocation of YAP1 and β-catenin followed by the expression of their downstream pro-survival and metastasis genes. After escaping from the primary tumor this MUC13 driven molecular mechanism provides a crucial survival advantage to anchorage independent circulating tumor cells, leading to successful and extravasation and homing new distant site for cancer metastasis. The interaction between YAP1 and MUC13 provides a new therapeutic in the prevention of metastasis that in combination with current chemotherapy could limit the tumor to its primary site
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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